-
1 παρά
πᾰρά [pron. full] [ρᾰ], [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] παραί: shortd. [full] πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp. 553, S.Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. [dialect] Att., GDI5434.8 ([place name] Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.A beside: hence,A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:I of Place,πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744
;παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225
, etc.;παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197
;πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533
, etc.;δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194
;φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190
, cf. 21.173;σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473
; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th. 624.II commonly of Persons,1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc.,ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός Il.2.787
;παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70
, etc.;ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140
.ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13
;ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117
; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; soοἱ π. τινός Th.7.10
, Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.;ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5
, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.;ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20
;σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2
.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp. 219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5;παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3
; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like ,τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290
, 15.158;πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452
;ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76
;εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14
, cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El. 870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4;ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R. 406d
;κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx. 236e
: without Verb,ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27
: with Verbs of learning, etc.,μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104
, etc.4 with [voice] Pass. Verbs,πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122
;π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr. 245c
, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., Isoc.4.26;με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp. 175e
.III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near,πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62
, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant. 966 (lyr.);τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5
; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42.B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319;νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408
;ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565
; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346;π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773
;δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97
, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.;κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT 972
; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc.II of persons, beside,πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285
;κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556
, cf. 6.246, etc.;παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119
;δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243
; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il.4.367.2 at one's house or place, with one,μένειν π. τισί 9.427
;θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490
;φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627
; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86;παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15
;καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82
(butπαρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136
), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd. 64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT 612;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb. 29f
; ;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb. 29f
; also, in one's hands,τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6
;ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130
, etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98.3 before, in the presence of,ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154
; before a judge,δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9
;π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160
;π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65
;παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73
;εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13
: hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr. 589, E.Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg. 510e.4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18.III Arc., = π. c. gen., from,καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9
(Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,I beside, near, by,II along,III past, beyond.I beside, near, by:1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to,ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347
, cf. 8.220, etc.;βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34
, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.;ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51
, etc.;φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd. 59d
; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.;ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86
;καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17
.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases asἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406
, cf. 11.577), , cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.;π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122
;καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28
; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., Od.12.32, cf. 3.460;ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd. 271b
, cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46;παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2
, cf. Pl.Smp. 175c;ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly. 211a
, cf. R. 328c;στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd. 116c
;τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313
, cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45;τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90
;κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87
;τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140
.ά (v.l. ἐμοί); εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18
, cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr. 451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3;ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99
, cf. S.El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.);Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52
;τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3
, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112; (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.b [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of.., with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach. 759 (Megar.);τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18
(Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13;πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5
(Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in [dialect] Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with.., Pl. R. 465c.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc.,βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480
, etc.;τὸν δ' ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146
;τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117
, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; , cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib. 290.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with..,ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg. 475e
, cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a; ;ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete. 375a24
.b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1;π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a
; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence,c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (v.παραβάλλω A.
VII. 2);μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33
; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).5 Geom., parallel to.., Democr.155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al.6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av. 1240, Nu. 584.b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624;σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24
B.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority,δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160
, cf. 7.20, 103;ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23
, cf. 4.6;τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41
;π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14
;φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R. 584a
, cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.;εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332
([place name] Halae);προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34
(iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves)πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5
.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.);παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35
; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51;παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11
; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT 983, cf. Ant. 466; ;οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6
; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.).9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.);πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra. 643
; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA 757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2);ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28
; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA 582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 ([place name] Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο ([etym.] τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26;ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31
; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63;π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b
; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2;π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10
.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32;ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18
; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101;π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14
([place name] Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA 571a21;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26
;ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70
;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a
.c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ .. to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.).d throughout a period of time,π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46
;π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg. 733a
;π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10
; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156
;π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24
; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f.II along,ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558
;βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352
;π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21
;ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193
;π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148
; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc. 835;παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3
; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b.2 strictly according to, without deviating from,εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945
, cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.III past, beyond,παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145
, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12;βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425
; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., Ar.Av. 390.2 metaph., over and above, in addition to,οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698
;π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd. 74a
, cf.R. 337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16;ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e
.3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b29;π. τὴν δ. Id.Po. 1451b38
.4 metaph., in transgression or violation of,π. μοῖραν Od.14.509
;π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10
; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.;π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90
, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14;π. φύσιν Th.6.17
, cf. Pl.Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag. 899, S.Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69;π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77
, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', ' with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT 870 (lyr.); ; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205;π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37
; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59.b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph. 197a29
), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him),ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4; ;παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14
, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4;δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2
; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5;ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801
([place name] Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear ([etym.] ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies,τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2
(cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., Arist.HA 486b5;μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29
, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr. 65b6
, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); , cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224;παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2
, cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.;παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.
; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., Pl.Lg. 715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5;π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2
; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.);π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20
, cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of.., Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.).8 of a limit of possibility,εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239
; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av. 846.D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies,τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400
; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib. 191.F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op. 454, A.Pers. 167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El. 285, Ar.Ach. 862, etc.G IN COMPOS.,I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι ([etym.] εἶμι).II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.IV metaph.,2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.) -
2 τίθημι
τίθημι (Hom.+) and its by-form τιθέω (Hv 1, 1, 3 and 2, 1, 2 as historical present; B-D-F §321; s. Rob. 318); impf. 3 sg. ἐτίθει, 3 pl. ἐτίθεσαν Mk 6:56 and ἐτίθουν as v.l.; Ac 3:2; 4:35; Hv 3, 2, 7 (B-D-F §94, 1; Mlt-H. 202); fut. θήσω; 1 aor. ἔθηκα (B-D-F §95, 1; Rob. 308; 310); 2 aor. subj. θῶ, impv. 2 pl. θέτε, inf. θεῖναι, ptc. θείς; pf. τέθεικα.; plpf. ἐτεθείκει (Just., D. 78, 5). Mid.: fut. θήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐθέμην. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. τεθήσονται Jer 13:16; 1 aor. ἐτέθην; pf. τέθειμαι, ptc. τεθειμένος (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 18 p. 401, 3 Jac.) J 19:41; Hs 9, 15, 4 (on the pf. s. B-D-F §97, 2). The middle is gener. not different in mng. fr. the act. (B-D-F §316, 1; s. Rob. 804f). The semantic boundaries of this multivalent verb are quite flexible.① to put or place in a particular location, lay, putⓐ act. and pass.: gener.α. w. acc. lay (away), set up, put (away) ποῦ τεθείκατε αὐτόν; where have you laid him? J 11:34 (as early as Hom. τιθέναι has the special sense lay away, bury); cp. Mk 16:6; J 19:42; 20:2, 13, 15. Pass. (ApcMos 42 ποῦ μέλλοι τεθῆναι τὸ σῶμα αὐτῆς) Mk 15:47; Lk 23:55. ὅπου ἦν τεθείς GPt 12:51. λίθον Ro 9:33 (Is 28:16 ἐμβαλῶ); 1 Pt 2:6; pass. B 6:2. θεμέλιον lay a foundation Lk 14:29; 1 Cor 3:10f (in imagery).—Of stones ἐξώτεροι ἐτέθησαν they were placed on the outside Hs 9, 8, 3; 5a (cp. c); 7. ἐν ἰσχύι τέθεικεν τὴν σάρκα αὐτοῦ κύριος the Lord (God) has set his (Christ’s) flesh in strength B 6:3a; cp. b (Is 50:7).β. w. the acc., oft. supplied fr. the context, and a prepositional expr. closely related to the verb (Herodas 4, 34 τιθέναι εἰς τοὺς λίθους ζοήν [ sic]) εἰς κρύπτην put someth. in a cellar Lk 11:33. εἰς μνημεῖον lay in a tomb Ac 13:29; cp. Rv 11:9. Of stones τιθ. εἰς τ. οἰκοδομήν put into the building Hv 3, 2, 7. Pass. Hs 9, 4, 5; 9, 6, 8; cp. 9, 5, 4. Opp. ἐκ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς ἐτέθησαν they were put out of the building 9, 8, 1. ἔμπροσθέν τινος GPt 4:12. ἔν τινι (Gen 50:26; Jos., Ant. 14, 124; TestJob 20:9): ἐν μνημείῳ Mt 27:60; cp. Mk 6:29; 15:46; Lk 23:53; Ac 7:16. Pass. J 19:41.—Mk 6:56; Ac 9:37. ἐνώπιόν τινος (1 Km 10:25) Lk 5:18. ἐπί τινος (X., Cyr. 8, 8, 16; Ezk 40:2; JosAs 3:11; Jos., Ant. 6, 15) 8:16b; J 19:19; Ac 5:15; Rv 10:2; GPt 3:8; 6:21; 12:53. ἐπί τινι 8:32. ἐπί τι (Ps 20:4; 1 Km 6:8; TestAbr B 5 p. 109, 18 [Stone p. 66]; JosAs 16:11; ParJer 9:32; Mel., P. 14, 90) Mk 4:21b; Lk 6:48 (θεμέλιον; s. α above); 2 Cor 3:13. Esp. τὰς χεῖρας ἐπί τι or ἐπί τινα (cp. Ps 138:5) Mk 8:25 v.l.; 10:16: τὴν δεξιάν Rv 1:17. θήσω τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπʼ αὐτόν Mt 12:18 (=ἔδωκα Is 42:1; τ. τὸ πνεῦμα as Is 63:11). παρά τι (Plut., Mor. 176e; 3 Km 13:31) Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2. πρός τι (JosAs 8:4 πρὸς τὸ στῆθος) 3:2; 4:37. ὑπό τι Mt 5:15; Mk 4:21; cp. 1 Cor 15:25 (s. 5aα). ὑποκάτω τινός (Jer 45:12) Lk 8:16a.—Mt 22:44 (Ps 109:1); Mk 12:36.ⓑ special expressionsα. act. explain in what figure of speech can we present (the Reign of God)? (i.e., how shall I put it?) Mk 4:30.β. act. take off, give up in Joh. lit. take off, remove τὰ ἱμάτια (Hdt 1, 10, 1 τ. τὰ εἵματα; cp. Herodas 5, 62; Plut., Alc. 195 [8, 2]; Jos., Bell. 1, 390 τ. τὸ διάδημα and s. ἱμάτιον 3) J 13:4. τὴν (ἑαυτοῦ) ψυχήν lay down or give (up) one’s life 10:11 and 15 (both v.l. δίδωμι), 17, 18ab (ApcSed 1:5 τὴν ψυχὴν θῇ ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων; EFascher, Z. Auslegg. v. J 10:17, 18: Deutsche Theol. ’41, 37–66); 13:37f; 15:13; 1 J 3:16ab (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 68 §289 δεξιάς; SibOr 5, 157 τ. simply=δίδωμι).γ. act. show deference to τιθέναι τὰ γόνατα (σοι γόνυ τίθημι γαίᾳ Eur., Troad. 1307; also in Lat.: genua ponere Ovid, Fasti 2, 438; Curt. 8, 7, 13; B-D-F §5, 3b) bend the knee, kneel down Mk 15:19; Lk 22:41; Ac 7:60; 9:40; 20:36; 21:5; Hv 1, 1, 3; 2, 1, 2.δ. act. place before someone, serve (X., Mem. 3, 14, 1; JosAs 15:14 τράπεζαν καὶ ἄρτον Just., A I, 66, 4) οἶνον J 2:10 (Bel 11 Theod. οἶνον θές).ε. act. and mid. have (in mind) θέτε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις w. inf. foll. make up (your) minds Lk 21:14. Mid. ἔθεντο ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν they kept in mind (the obj. acc. is supplied by the immediate context) Lk 1:66 (1 Km 21:13). The same expr.= come to think of someth., contrive someth. in one’s mind 21:14 v.l.; Ac 5:4. Likew. ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πνεύματι w. inf. foll. Paul resolved 19:21. θέσθε εἰς τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν τοὺς λόγους τούτους Lk 9:44.ζ. act. and mid. effect someth., arrange for someth. τ. ἐπί τινος foll. by the acc. and inf. ordain by means of someone that … B 13:6.—τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ὑποκριτῶν θήσει (μέρος 2) Mt 24:51; cp. Lk 12:46. Mid. w. acc. (GrBar 2:1 [of God]; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 106 §442 εὐχὰς τίθεσθαι=offer prayers) βουλήν reach a decision (βουλή 2a) Ac 27:12.η. mid. put (in custody) τίθεσθαί τινα ἐν τηρήσει Ac 5:18; ἐν (τῇ) φυλακῇ (Gen 41:10; 42:17) Mt 14:3 v.l.; Ac 5:25; εἰς φυλακήν (PPetr II, 5a, 3 [III B.C.]) 12:4; εἰς τήρησιν (w. the acc. easily supplied) 4:3. ἐν σωτηρίῳ place in safety, cause to share salvation (w. acc. to be supplied) 1 Cl 15:6 (Ps 11:6).θ. act. provide (an example) ὑπόδειγμά τινος τιθ. set up an example of someth. 2 Pt 2:6 (cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 313 παράδειγμα τῆς ἀρετῆς τιθέναι). Those persons are added, in the dat., to whose advantage or disadvantage the example is given: τιθέναι πρόσκομμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ Ro 14:13 (πρόσκομμα 2b). σκοπὸν τοῖς νέοις θήσομεν 2 Cl 19:1.② act. to lay aside/deposit (money), put aside, store up, deposit a t.t. term of commercial life (Demosth. 52, 3 ἀργύριον al.; Hyperid. 5, 4; Theocr., Epigr. 14, 2; Plut., Mor. 829b; pap) opp. αἴρειν you withdraw what you did not deposit Lk 19:21; cp. vs. 22. ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ τιθέτω each one is to put aside at home 1 Cor 16:2.③ to assign to some task or function, appoint, assignⓐ τιθέναι τινὰ εἴς τι place/appoint someone to or for ( to function as) someth. (for the construction cp. Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 636 D.: τοὺς οὐκ ὄντας νόμους εἰς νόμους τ.) τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν Ac 13:47 (Is 49:6); pass.: εἰς ὸ̔ ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ 1 Ti 2:7; 2 Ti 1:11. Also τιθ. τινὰ ἵνα appoint someone to … J 15:16.ⓑ mid. τίθεσθαι τινὰ εἴς τι appoint someone to or for someth. Dg 6:10. W. acc. easily supplied 1 Ti 1:12.ⓐ establish, give, of a law (τιθέναι νόμον since Soph., El. 580; IAndrosIsis, Kyme 4; the mid. τίθεσθαι νόμον since Hdt. 1, 29. Both oft. in Pla.; likew. Diod S 5, 83, 5, where the act. as well as the mid. is used of law. The act. also EpArist 15; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 316, Ant. 16, 1; Ath. 34, 2. The mid. also Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 55 §228; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 269; 2, 273; Ar. 13, 7) only in the pass. (as Pla., Leg.; 4, 705d al.; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 184; Just., D. 11, 2; Ath. 33, 1) ὁ νόμος ἐτέθη Gal 3:19 D.ⓑ mid. w. acc. fix, establish, set καιροὺς οὓς ὁ πατὴρ ἔθετο times which the Father has fixed Ac 1:7. θέμενος ἐν ἡμῖν τὸν λόγον τῆς καταλλαγῆς as he established among us the word of reconciliation (=entrusted to us … ; cp. Ps 104:27 ἔθετο ἐν αὐτοῖς τ. λόγους) 2 Cor 5:19. ὁ θεὸς ἔθετο τὰ μέλη God has arranged the parts of the body 1 Cor 12:18.⑤ to cause to undergo a change in experience/condition, make, consignⓐ act. or pass., either w. a double acc. of the obj. and of the pred. (Hom.+; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 3; Lucian, Dial. Marin. 14, 2; Aelian, VH13, 6; Lev 26:31; Is 5:20; Wsd 10:21; Jos., Ant. 11, 39) or in the form τιθέναι τινὰ εἴ τι (cp. 3a).α. make someone ὸ̔ν ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων Hb 1:2. πατέρα πολλῶν ἐθνῶν τέθεικά σε Ro 4:17 (Gen 17:5). ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet (Ps 109:1): Mt 22:44 v.l.; Lk 20:43; Ac 2:35; Hb 1:13; the same quotation introduced with ἄχρι οὗ θῇ 1 Cor 15:25; pass. Hb 10:13 (on this expr. cp. Plut., Mor. 1097c [HAlmqvist, Pl. u. das NT ’46, 104]). Consign, act. εἰ κόλασιν 1 Cl 11:1; pass. of those who refuse to believe the word εἰ ὸ̔ καὶ ἐτέθησαν 1 Pt 2:8; of Paul’s obligation to accept his destiny at Rome εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐτέθην AcPl Ha 7, 15. Cp. 3a.β. make someth. (Mimnermus 1, 10 D.2 cause someth. to become someth. [adj.]: ‘God has made old age vexatious’) ἀδάπανον θήσω τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 Cor 9:18.ⓑ mid. w. a double acc. make someone someth. (Appian., Illyr. 13 §37 φίλον τίθεσθαί τινα; schol. on Pind., O. 1, 58b; 2 Macc 5:21; Ath. 12, 2. S. also Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.] 8, 5 D.3 of the man who is called upon to hate his own life [in battle]: ἀνὴρ ἐχθρὴν ψυχὴν θέμενος) Ac 20:28 (CClaereboets, Biblica 24, ’43, 370–87); 1 Cor 12:28. τίθεσθαι τινὰ εἲ τι consign someone to someth. ὀργήν 1 Th 5:9.—B. 832. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
3 κοιμάω
+ V 67-69-24-30-12=202 Gn 19,4.32.33(bis).34M/P: to fall asleep, to go to bed, to sleep Gn 19,4; to sleep or lie with [μετά τινος] (of sexual intercourse) Gn 19,32; id. [ἔν τινι] Dt 24,12; to sleep (a sleep) [τι] Wis 17,13; to fall asleep, to die 1 Kgs 2,10; to lie Jgs 5,27; to remain somewhere during the night (of things, semit., rendering Hebr. לון or לין) Ex 23,18, see also Ex 34,25; Lv 19,13; Dt 16,4; 21,23; to lodge, to remain Is 1,21; to calm, to still Eccl 2,23μετὰ ἄρσενος οὐ κοιμηθήσῃ κοίτην γυναικός you shall not sleep with a man as with a woman Lv 18,22;κοιμηθήσομαι μετὰ τῶν πατέρων μου I shall sleep with my fathers, I shall be dead Gn 47,30*Jer 51,33(45,3) ἐκοιμήθην I lay down-יצעתי? or corr. ἐκοπώθην (see κοπόω) for MT יגעתי I am weary;*1 Sm 9,26 καὶ ἐκοιμήθη and he lay down-כיבשׁוי for MT כמושׁוי and they arose early; *Jb 21,13 ἐκοιμήθησαν they fall asleep, they lie down-נוח for MT חתת they are terrified, for pre-MT? נחת they go down; *Jb 22,11 κοιμηθέντα lying down-כבתשׁ? for MT פעתשׁ abundance, multitudeCf. GEHMAN 1953, 145-148; HORSLEY 1983, 93; LARCHER 1985 971(Wis 17,13); LE BOULLUEC 1989238(Ex 23,18); WALTERS 1973, 119(→ἐπικοιμάω,,) -
4 ὑποτίθημι
ὑποτίθημι fut. 2 sg. ὑποθήσεις Ex 26:12; 27:5; 1 aor. ὑπέθηκα; 2 aor. inf. ὑποθεῖναι; 2 aor. mid. impv. ὑπόθου (TestJob 23:7) (Hom. +).① act. to lay someth. down as expression of service, lay down τὶ someth.ⓐ in idiom lay down, risk τὸν τράχηλον (Lucian, Dem. 41 ὑπ. τὴν ψυχὴν ταῖς τῆς πατρίδος τύχαις; cp. Seneca, Ep. 47, 4; POxy 2722, 35 [commercial]) τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὕπεθηκαν they put their own necks at risk (in my behalf) or, in view of Paul’s penchant for commercial imagery: mortgaged their own necks Ro 16:4.ⓑ differently (somewhat as TestIss 5:3 ὑπ. τὸν νῶτον) bow in submission 1 Cl 63:1 (see s.v. τράχηλος for this pass. and Ro 16:4).② mid. (Hom. et al.) aor. ὑπεθέμην (LXX) τινί τι to provide instruction, make known, teach someth. to someone (Pla., Hipp. Maj. 286b) ταῦτα ὑποτιθέμενος τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Ti 4:6. This sense appears to fit the context better than suggest or point out someth. to someone (Hom.; Hdt. 1, 90; Pla., Charm. 155d; pap) or enjoin, order someone (to do) someth. (Hdt. 4, 134; Philo, Poster. Cai. 12; Jos., Bell. 2, 137, Ant. 1, 76).—M-M. -
5 ἀνακλίνω
ἀνακλίνω fut. ἀνακλινῶ; 1 aor. ἀνέκλινα. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀνακλιθήσομαι; 1 aor. pass. ἀνεκλίθην (Hom. et al.; 3 Macc 5:16; TestSol 2:11 D; SibOr, Fgm. 3, 37).① to cause someone to lie down, to lay down, lay, put to bed of a child ἀ. αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ Lk 2:7; αὐτήν GJs 5:2; 22:2 v.l. (for ἔβαλεν, s. deStrycker). ἐμὲ ἀνέκλιναν εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτῶν they caused me to lie down in their midst Hs 9, 11, 7. The context that precedes (κοιμάω vs. 6) suggests slumber, but the succeeding context (vs. 8) suggests mng. 2.② to cause to recline at a meal, place as guest (Polyb. 30, 26, 5; TestGad 1:5) ἀνακλινεῖ αὐτούς he will have them recline Lk 12:37 (normally it is vice versa: Lucian, Ep. Sat. 1, 22; 3, 32); cp. 9:15 v.l.—Mk 6:39 (B-D-F §392, 4). Pass. lie down, recline at a meal, abs. Lk 7:36 v.l. ἐπὶ τ. χόρτου on the grass Mt 14:19. ἐπὶ τ. χλωρῷ χόρτῳ on the green grass Mk 6:39 v.l. ἀνακλίνεσθαι εἰς τοὺς ἐξέχοντας τόπους recline in the preferred places (viz. the seats of honor) Mt 20:28 D=Agr 22. In transf. sense, of the Messianic banquet w. the idea dine in style (or some similar rendering, not simply ‘eat’ as NRSV) Mt 8:11; Lk 13:29 (DZeller, BZ 15, ’71, 222–37).—DELG s.v. κλίνω. M-M. -
6 κλίνω
κλίνω 1 aor. ἔκλινα; pf. κέκλικα; 1 aor. pass. ἐκλίθην (B-D-F §76, 1; W-S. §13, 9f) (Hom.+).① to cause someth. to incline or bend, incline, bow, trans. τὴν κεφαλήν the head of Jesus as he was dying J 19:30 (but since the bowing of the head came before the giving up of his spirit, and since esp. in John’s Gosp. the Passion is a voluntary act of Jesus to the very last, the bowing is not to be regarded as a sign of weakness; the Crucified One acted of his own accord; cp. BGU 954, 5 κλίνω τ. κεφαλήν μου κατενώπιόν σου); GJs 15:4 (s. κεφαλή 1b). τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς τὴν γῆν bow one’s face to the ground Lk 24:5. τὰ γόνατα πρὸς τὸν δεσπότην (in prayer) GJs 20:2 (codd.). In uncertain context οὐδὲ γό[νατα ἔκλι]|ναν, ἀλλὰ … προσηύχοντο [ἑστῶτες] nor did they kneel, but they prayed (standing) AcPl Ha 1, 31.② lay (down) trans. τὴν κεφαλήν (to sleep) Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58.③ cause to lean, trans., pass. in act. sense lean, fall (over) λέγει κύριος• ὅταν ξύλον κλιθῇ καὶ ἀναστῇ when a tree falls over and rises again B 12:1 (quot. of uncertain origin).④ cause to fall, turn to flight, trans. and fig. (as early as Hom.; Jos., Ant. 14, 416) παρεμβολὰς κ. ἀλλοτρίων Hb 11:34.⑤ intr. (B-D-F §308; Rob. 800) (‘turn, change course’; X. et al.; PHib 38, 8 [252/251 B.C.]; TestJob 34:5 ἔκλινεν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν=he turned away from them) decline, be far spent of the day, at dusk Lk 9:12; 24:29 (cp. Apollon. Rhod. 1, 452 κλίνοντος ἠελίοιο; Polyb. 3, 93, 7; Arrian, Anab. 3, 4, 2; Jer 6:4 κέκλικεν ἡ ἡμέρα).—DELG. M-M. -
7 ἀρέσκω
Aἤρεσκον Th.5.37
, etc.: [tense] fut.ἀρέσω D.39.33
, [dialect] Ep. ἀρέσσω ([etym.] συν-) A.R.3.901: [tense] aor.ἤρεσα Hdt.8.19
, Com.Adesp.19.4D., etc., [dialect] Ep.ἄρεσσα A.R.3.301
, inf.ἀρέσαι Il.
, X.: [tense] pf.ἀρήρεκα Corn.ND24
, S.E.M.1.238:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. (lyr.), [dialect] Ep.ἀρέσσομαι Il.4.362
: [tense] aor. ἠρεσάμην, [dialect] Ep. , [dialect] Ep. part.ἀρεσσάμενος Il. 9.112
, Thgn.762: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. in med. sense, S.Ant. 500:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἠρέσθην Paus.2.13.8
, J.AJ12.9.6.I of pers. only, make good, make amends,ἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι Il.9.120
:—[voice] Med., , cf. Od.22.55, Q.S.4.377, 9.510; σπονδὰς θεοῖς ἀρέσασθαι make full drink-offerings to the gods, Thgn. l.c.2 in Hom. also freq. in [voice] Med., c. acc. pers. et dat. modi, appease, conciliate,αὐτὸν ἀρεσσάσθω ἐπέεσσι καὶ δώρῳ Od.8.396
; τὸν ξεῖνον ἀρέσσομαι ὡς σὺ κελεύεις ib. 402; , cf. 19.179;καθαροῖσι βωμοῖς θεοὺς ἀρέσονται A.Supp. 655
;καί σε φίλως θυέεσσιν ἀρέσσατο Maiist.11
: c. gen. rei, ἀρέσαντο φρένας αἵματος they sated their heart with blood, Hes.Sc. 255.3 after Hom., c. dat. pers., please, satisfy, οὔτε γάρ μοι Πολυκράτης ἤρεσκε δεσπόζων .. Hdt.3.142;δεῖ μ' ἀρέσκειν τοῖς κάτω S.Ant.75
, cf. 89; ἀεὶ δ' ἀρέσκειν τοῖς κρατοῦσιν to be obsequious to them, E.Fr.93, cf. X.Mem.2.2.11; ἀ. τρόποις τινός conform to his ways, D.61.19;τὸ κολακεύειν νῦν ἀρέσκειν ὄνομ' ἔχει Anaxandr.42
;πᾶσιν ἀρέσκω 1 Ep.Cor.10.33
;ἑαυτοῖς Ep.Rom.15.1
:—[voice] Med., μάλιστα ἠρέσκοντό <οἱ> οἱ ἀπ' Ἀθηνέων pleased him most, Hdt.6.128.II of things, c. dat. pers., please,εἴ τοι ἀρέσκει τὰ ἐγὼ λέγω Hdt.1.89
;κάρτα οἱ ἤρεσε ἡ ὑποθήκη Id.8.58
, cf. 3.40, 6.22;τῷ τοῦτ' ἤρεσεν; S. El. 409
;σοὶ ταῦτ' ἀρέσκει Id.Ant. 211
, etc.; τοῖς.. πρέσβεσιν ἤρεσκεν [the proposal] pleased them, Th.5.37, cf. Pl.Tht. 157d, al.: also in [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., μηδ' ἀρεσθείη ποτέ (sc. μηδὲν τῶν σῶν λόγων) S.Ant. 500.III c. acc. pers., ;οὐδέ σ' ἀρέσκει τὸ παρόν E.Hipp. 185
(lyr.), cf.Or. 210;τουτὶ.. μ' οὐκ ἀ. Ar.Pl. 353
, cf. Ach. 189, Ra. 103, Th.1.128;πότερός σε ὁ τρόπος ἀ.; Pl.Cra. 433e
, cf. 391c, R. 557b, Tht. 172d: hence in [voice] Pass., to be pleased, satisfied, ; τῇ κρίσι with the decision, Id.3.34;διαίτῃ Σκυθικῇ Id.4.78
;τοῖς λόγοις Th.1.129
, cf. 2.68;τῇ σῇ συνουσίᾳ Pl.Thg. 127b
; later in [tense] aor., l.c., al.;ἀρεσθεὶς τῷ πώματι Paus.
l.c.IV ἀρέσκει is used impers. to express the opinion or resolution of a public body,ταῦτα ἤρεσέ σφι ποιέειν Hdt.8.19
;ἢν δ' ἀρέσκῃ ταῦτ' Ἀθηναίοις Ar.Eq. 1311
; ἀρέσκει.. εἶναι Δελφῶν it is resolved that.., SIG 827D10; also of prevailing opinions, ἀρέσκει περὶ τρίψεως παραγγέλλοντας .. writers on massage lay down the rule that.., Gal. 6.96; τὰ ἀρέσκοντα the dogmas of philosophers, Plu.2.448a, 1006d, etc.:—[voice] Med., .V part. ἀρέσκων, ουσα, ον, grateful, acceptable, ;μηδὲν ἀρέσκον λέγειν Th.3.34
;ἀρέσκοντας ὑμῖν λόγους Isoc.8.5
.2 of persons, acceptable, ;τῇ πόλει ἀ. Lys.19.13
. (Cognate with ἀραρίσκω.) -
8 ὑφίστημι
A : [tense] aor. ὑπέστησα, [dialect] Dor.ὑπέστᾱσα Pi.O.8.26
:—Causal, place or set under, ὑποστήσαντες [τῷ χαλκηΐῳ] τρεῖς κολοσσούς having set them under it, to support it, Hdt.4.152;ὑ. προθύρῳ κίονας Pi.O.6.1
: metaph., χώραν ὑπέστᾱσε ξένοις κίονα ib.8.26: without dat., τρεῖς σταυροὺς ὑπίστησι plants three piles in the lake to support a house, Hdt.5.16;ὑ. κλῶνας X.Cyn.10.7
; , etc.: metaph., γνώμας ὑποστήσας σοφάς having laid them as a foundation, having begun with them, S.Aj. 1091;ὑ. δόλον E.
l.c.; v. infr. B.1.1.3 bring to a halt, hold up, ὑποστήσαντες (sc. τοὺς στρατιώτας)ἐν τῷ στενῷ οἱ στρατηγοί Id.An.4.1.14
(v.l. ὑποστάντες, v. infr. B. 111); ὑπέστησε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ναῦν ἀντίπρῳρον τοῖς πολεμίοις stationed it, Plb. 1.50.6.4 give substance to, cause to subsist, 'hypostatize', Plot.6.7.40, al.; treat as subsisting,ὁ νοῦς κατὰ τὸ νοεῖν ὑφιστὰς τὸ ὄν Id.5.1.4
;ὑφίστησι μὲν τὸ ὅλον, ὑφίσταται δὲ τὰ μέρη Dam.Pr. 271
, cf. Procl. Inst.28.II [voice] Med. also in causal sense, mostly [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1, lay down, premise, ;ἀρχὰς ψευδεῖς ὑποστήσασθαι Plb.3.48.9
;ἐπειδὰν ὑποθέσεις εὐπεριλήπτους.. ὑποστήσωνται Id.7.7.6
.3 conceive, suppose, c. acc. et inf.,τῷ -στησαμένῳ τοὺς θεοὺς.. εἶναι Phld.D.1.17
; , cf. Heraclit.Incred.13; but the inf. is mostly omitted, , cf. 12, D.L.2.86:—[voice] Pass.,τοὺς θεούς, ἂν φρονοῦντες -σταθῶσιν Phld.D.1.7
.B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf. [voice] Act. (Hom. uses only [tense] aor. 2):— stand under as a support,ὑπεστᾶσι κολοσσοὶ.. τῇ αὐλῇ Hdt.2.153
; ;τὸ ὑφεστὸς τῷ βάρει Arist.IA 708b31
; v. supr. A. 1.1.2 sink, settle, τὸ ὑπιστάμενον the milk, opp. τὸ ἐπιστάμενον (the cream), Hdt.4.2; opp. τὸ ἐπιπολάζον, Arist.Cael. 311a17; of a sediment, deposit,ἐν οὔρῳ ψαμμώδεα ὑφίσταται Hp.Aph.4.79
, cf. Arist.Mete. 357b3; opp. ἐπιπλεῖν, Thphr. HP3.15.4; of the sun, set, Emp.48(cj.).II place oneself under an engagement, promise to do, folld. by [tense] fut. inf.,ὅσσ' Ἀχιλῆϊ.. ὑπέστημεν δώσειν Il.19.195
, cf. Hdt.9.94;θύσειν ὑπέστης παῖδα E.IA 360
(troch.), cf. Ar.V. 716(anap.), Pl.Lg. 751d; by [tense] aor.inf., (i B. C.); by [tense] pres. inf.,ὑπέστησαν ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt.3.128
;ὑ. τὴν τάξιν ἔχειν X.Cyr.6.3.35
: the inf. is sts. omitted, ὡς.. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα (sc. ἔσεσθαι) Il.4.267: abs., after promise given,Od.
3.99, cf. Il.21.457, Hdt.3.127, 9.34, Lys.19.19, X.An.4.1.26; ὤσπερ ὑπέστη as he promised, Th.4.39, 8.29: c. dat. pers., ὤς οἱ ὑπέστην as I promised him, Il.15.75: sts. with acc. of object (but an inf. may be supplied),πάντα τελευτήσεις ὅσ' ὑπέστης.. Πριάμῳ 13.375
;τρίποδας φέρον, οὕς οἱ ὑπέστη 19.243
, cf. 11.244; , cf. Od.10.483; ἦ ῥ' ἅλιον τὸν μῦθον ὑπέστημεν.., ἀπονέεσθαι vain was the promise we made.., that he would return, Il.5.715.3 c. acc. rei, submit to, consent to, ὁ τὸ ἐλάχιστον ὑπιστάμενος who offers to take the least, Hdt. 1.196; ὑ. τὸν πλοῦν undertake it unwillingly, Th.4.28;ὑ. τὸν κίνδυνον Id.2.61
, Lys.9.7, cf. Th.4.59, Isoc.3.28;ἀγῶνας Th.3.57
, OGI763.9 (Milet., ii B. C.); ; ; ;ἀπεχθείας Plu.Them.3
;πόλεμον Plb. 1.6.7
, Alciphr.3.45; πράγματα ib.61;τὴν πρᾶξιν Plu.Pel.8
;τὸν ἆθλον Luc.Rh.Pr.24
: also c. inf., consent, bring oneself to,οὔ τίς με.. ὑπέστη σαῶσαι Il.21.273
;πᾶν ἂν ὑποστὰς εἰπεῖν D.21.114
; ὑ. ἐξαπατᾶν τινα Id. 19.69: abs., submit patiently, Id.Prooem.5.1; ὑφίστασθαι συμβαίνει τὸν κερατοειδῆ the cornea yields (to pressure), Aët.7.36.b undertake an office,τὴν ἀρχήν X.An.6.1.19
,31;γυμνασιαρχίαν IG5(1).535.12
([place name] Sparta), cf. OGI494.6 (Milet., ii A. D.); ὑφέστη (sic)τὴν στρατηγίαν SIG876.6
(Smyrna, ii/iii A. D.), cf. Plu.Cam.37: alsoἐθελοντὴν ὑποστῆναι τριήραρχον Lys.29.7
;χορηγὸς ὑπέστην D.21.69
; ἐμὲ τοῦ λόγου διάδοχον.. ὑποστάντα PlPhlb.19a; poet.,ὑπέστης αἵματος δέκτωρ A.Eu. 204
: metaph., ψυχὴν Τέλητος ὑπέστης, i. e. you promised to be as brave as T., Hermipp.46 (anap.).c make an offer in a public auction, ἔδοξεν.. μοι μηθὲν ὑποστῆναι I decided to make no bid, commit myself to nothing, PCair.Zen.371.9 (iii B.C.), cf. PMich.Zen. 60.10 (iii B. C.); δώδεκα ἀρταβῶν ὑπέστη he undertook (to supply the produce) of 12 artabae, ib. 36.5 (iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen.199.4 (iii B.C.), PEleph.21.16 (iii B.C.); ὑφίστατο.. τάξεσθαι ἑκάστου πήχεως [x] PTheb. Bank 1.2 (ii B. C.); οὐ δυνόμενος ( = -άμενος)οὐκέτι ὑποστῆναι τὴν γεωργίαν Sammelb.7468.11
(iii A. D.).d ὑπέστη πολλὰς ἀπορίας laid himself open to many doubts, Plot.3.6.12.III lie concealed or in ambush, Hdt.8.91, E.Andr. 1114, v.l. in X.An.4.1.14; v. supr. A. 1.2,ὑφίημι 1.3
, ὑφεῖσα.IV resist, withstand, c. dat., A.Pers.87 (lyr.), X.An.3.2.11, HG7.5.12:ξυμφοραῖς ταῖς μεγίσταις ὑ. Th.2.61
, cf. E.HF 1349: c. acc., Id.Cyc. 200, Rh. 375 (lyr.), Th.1.144, Plb.9.35.1: abs., stand one's ground, face the enemy, E.Ph. 1470, Th.4.54, 8.68, Plb.4.80.5; opp. φεύγω, X.Cyr.4.2.31, Plu.Demetr.25; ὑποστᾰθείς, opp. φεύγων, E.Rh. 315; of clouds, opp. προωθεῖσθαι, Arist.Pr. 940b36.2 subsist, exist (cf.ὑπόστασις B.
III),κατ' ἰδίαν ὑφεστώς Arist.Fr. 188
;ὑφέστηκε τό τε ὁρᾶν ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀκούειν ὥσπερ τὸ ἀλγεῖν Epicur.Fr.36
;τὸ ὑφεστηκὸς τέλος Id.Sent.22
, cf. Diog.Oen.5, Arr.Epict.3.7.6;ἐκ τοῦ μηκέτ' ὄντος μηδ' ὑφεστῶτος Plu.2.829c
, cf. Luc.Par.27; τὸ παρῳχημένον τοῦ χρόνου καὶ τὸ μέλλον οὐχ ὑπάρχειν ἀλλ' ὑφεστηκέναι φησί (sc. Χρύσιππος) Stoic.2.165; the Stoic distinction betw. τὸ ὄν and τὸ ὑφεστός is pettifogging acc. to Gal.10.155 (= Stoic.2.115); business in hand,Plb.
6.14.5.b ὑφεστηκότος παρὰ τῷ ταμίᾳ κατ' ἰδίαν λόγου the treasurer having a special bank-account, IG12(9).236.64 (Eretria, ii B.C.);τὸ ἥμισσυ ἀναπεμπόντω ἐπὶ τὰν δαμοσίαν τράπεζαν ἐς τὸν ὑφεστᾱκότα τᾶς θεοῦ λόγον Arch.f.Religionswiss. 10.211
(Cos, ii B.C.); ὑποστησαμένους λόγον πόλεως τῶν.. χρημάτων ἐγγράφεσθαι τὸ διδόμενον they shall open a municipal account (entitled) 'the.. fund' and place this gift to its credit, SIG577.13 (Milet., iii/ii B.C.).V ἡ κοιλία ὑφίσταται the bowels are costive, lit., are obstructed or stopped, Plu.2.134e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑφίστημι
-
9 κεῖμαι
Aκεῖσαι Il.19.319
, etc. (κατά-κειαι h.Merc. 254
, Arc. κεῖοι Tab.Defix. in Philol.59.201),κεῖται Il.6.47
, Hdt.1.9,4.62 (v.l. κέεται), IG 12.94.25; pl. , [dialect] Ion.κέᾰται Il.11.659
, al., Hdt. ( προς-κέανται is f.l. 1.133, cf. προς-κέαται, v.l. - κέονται, Hp.Fract.6),κείᾰται Mimn.11.6
( κατα- Il.24.567),κέονται Il.22.510
, Od.16.232, prob. in Alc.94,συγ-κέονται Aret.SD2.4
; imper. κεῖσο, κείσθω, Il.18.178, Hdt.2.171; subj. [ per.] 3sg. , Lycurg.113, [dialect] Ep. κεῖται (fr. κέψ-ε-ται) Il.19.32, Od.2.102, al.,δια-κέησθε Isoc.15.259
,κείωνται IG22.1176.21
; opt. [ per.] 3sg.κέοιτο Hdt.1.67
, Hp.Art.14 ( κατα-), Is.6.32, Pl.R. 477a; inf.κεῖσθαι Il.8.126
, Hp.Prog.3, Hdt.2.127, al., κέεσθαι v.l.in ib.2, cf.Hp.Aër.6, Archim. Aequil.1 Prooem.; part.κεί μενος Il.7.265
, etc.: [tense] impf.ἐκείμην Od.13.284
, etc., [dialect] Ep.κείμην 9.434
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.κέσκετο 21.41
, ( παρε-) 14.521; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἐκέατο Hdt.1.167
, [dialect] Ep.κέατο Il.13.763
,κείατο 11.162
;κεῖντο 21.426
, ( ἐπέ-) Od.6.19: [tense] fut.κείσομαι Il.18.121
, A.Ch. 895, etc., [dialect] Dor.κεισεῦμαι Theoc.3.53
. (Cf. Skt. śéte ( = κεῖται), also śáyate 'lie', Gr. κοίτη, κοιμάομαι, perh. Lat. cunae, etc.):— to be laid (used as [voice] Pass. to τίθημι): hence, lie, lie outstretched, used by Hom. mostly with Preps.,πυρὴν.. ᾗ ἔνι κεῖται Πάτροκλος Il.23.210
;κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ 9.556
;ἐπὶ γαίῃ 11.162
;ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ Od.21.390
; alsoἐπί τινος, ὀστέα.. κείμεν' ἐπ' ἠπείρου 1.162
;τὸ δ' ἥμισυ κεῖτ' ἐπὶ γαίης Il.13.565
, cf. 20.345; but ὁ δ' ἐπ' ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα lay stretched over.., Od.11.577, al.; later κεῖσθαι εἰς .., in pregnant sense,εἰς ἀνάγκην κείμεθ' E.IT 620
;εἰς ὀλίγην κ. κόνιν AP9.677
(Agath.); also ἐπὶ τὴν ὁδὸν κ. to be strewn upon the path, Call.Iamb.1.250: Archit., κείμενον σχῆμα, opp. ὠρθωμένον, plan, opp. elevation, Apollod.Poliorc.163.3: c.acc.,τόπον.. ὅντινα κεῖται S.Ph. 145
(anap.).2 lie down to rest, repose, Od.13.281, etc.;πορφυρέᾳ κείμενος ἐν χλανίδι Simon.37.12
; lie, remain,κεῖτο γὰρ ἐν νήεσσι.. Ἀχιλλεύς Il.2.688
, cf. 7.230, etc.;οὐ χρῆν ἥσυχον κεῖσθαι πόδα S.Fr.142.13
; lie still, λασίην ὑπὸ γαστέρ' ἐλυσθεὶς κείμην, of Odysseus under the ram's belly, Od.9.434: metaph., κακὸν κείμενον a sleeping evil, S.OC 510 (lyr.);τοῦ κύματος κειμένου Ael.NA15.5
.3 lie sick or wounded, ἐν νήσῳ κεῖτο, of Philoctetes, Il.2.721, cf. 15.240;κείσεται οὐτηθείς 8.537
, cf. 11.659; ;κεῖτ' ὀλιγηπελέων Od.5.457
; lie in misery, ;κεῖται ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμός 21.88
, cf. S.Ph. 183 (lyr.);κ. ἐν κακοῖς E.Ph. 1639
, Hec. 969; κειμένῳ ἐπεμπηδᾶν to kick him when he's down, Ar.Nu. 550.4 lie dead, Il.5.467, 16.541, al., A.Ag. 1438, 1446, S.Ph. 359;κεῖται δὲ νεκρὸς περὶ νεκρῷ Id.Ant. 1240
: rare in Prose,χίλιοι.. νεκροὶ κείμενοι Hdt.8.25
, cf. Hdn. 2.1.8.b freq. also in epitaphs, lie buried,τῇδε κείμεθα Simon. 92
, cf. 97; ; alsoκ. ἐν Ταρ τάρῳ Pi.P.1.15
; ἐν τάφῳ, ἐν Ἅιδου, παρ' Ἅιδῃ, A.Ch. 895, S.El. 463, OT 972; also in Prose,τὸν χῶρον ἐν τῷ κέοιτο Ὀρέστης Hdt.1.67
, cf. 4.11,9.105, Th.2.43; κ.ὑπό τινων to be buried by.., Plu.2.583c.5 freq. of a corpse, lie unburied, Il.18.338, 19.32;κεῖται.. νέκυς ἄκλαυτος ἄθαπτος 22.386
; ; also κεῖτ' ἀπόθεστος.. ἐν πολλῇ κόπρῳ lay uncared for, of the old hound of Odysseus, Od.17.296;εὐνὴ.. κάκ' ἀράχνια κεῖται ἔχουσα 16.35
; of places, lie in ruins,δόμοι.. χαμαιπετεῖς ἔκεισθ' ἀεί A.Ch. 964
(lyr.), cf. Pl.R. 425a, Lyc.252.6 of wrestlers, have a fall, A.Eu. 590;πεσών γε κείσομαι Ar.Nu. 126
.II of places, to be situated, lie,νῆσος ἀπόπροθεν εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται Od.7.244
, cf. 9.25, 10.196, etc.; ἐν τῇ [γῇ] κείμενά ἐστι τὰ Σοῦσα (for κεῖται) Hdt.5.49;Αἴγινα.. πρὸς νότου κ. πνοάς A.Fr. 404
;πρὸ Μεγάρων κ. Th.3.51
;πόλις αὐτάρκη θέσιν κειμένη Id.1.37
; Aër.6, cf. Arist. HA 496a14; κ. πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον, πρὸς ἄρκτον, Id.Mete. 360b14, 363a3.2 of things, lie or be in a place,ὅθι οἱ φίλα δέμνι' ἔκειτο Od.8.277
; ἕλε δίφρον κείμενον placed there, 17.331, cf. 410;φόρμιγγα.., ἥ που κεῖται ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισι 8.255
: in Prose,δύο τράπεζαι ἐκείσθην Lys.13.37
;χύτρας εὐκρινῶς κειμένας X.Oec.8.19
.III to be laid up, in store, of goods, property, etc.,δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται Il.9.382
;πολλὰ δ' ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρὸς κειμήλια κ. 6.47
; βασιλῆϊ δὲ κεῖται ἄγαλμα is reserved.., 4.144; μνῆμα ξείνοιο.. κέσκετ' ἐνὶ μεγάροισι was left lying.., Od.21.41; of things dedicated to a god,κ. ἐν θησαυρῷ Hdt.1.51
, cf. 52, Alc.94; of money, κείμενα deposits, Hdt.6.86.ά; κ. σοι εὐεργεσία ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ οἴκῳ Th.1.129
, cf. SIG22.15 (Epist. Darei), Pl.R. 345a; πολλὰ χρήματα ἐπὶ τῇ τούτου τραπέζῃ κεῖταί μοι at his bank, Isoc.17.44; ; τἀργύριόν σοι κείσεται the caution-money shall be deposited, Ar.Ra. 624; δραχ μὴν ὑπόθες.—Answ.κεῖται πάλαι Diph.73.2
: metaph., εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη shall be placed to her credit, S.Ant. 485, cf. Pi.I. 5(4).18.2 to be set up, ordained,ἄεθλα κεῖτ' ἐν ἀγῶνι Il.23.273
, cf. Hdt.8.26,93, Th.2.46;ὅπλων ἔκειτ' ἀγὼν πέρι S.Aj. 936
(lyr.).3 of laws, κεῖται νόμος the law is laid down, E.Hec. 292; ; ; οἱ νόμοι οἱ κείμενοι the established laws, Ar.Pl. 914, cf. Lys.1.48, etc.;οἱ ὑπὸ τῶν θεῶν κείμενοι νόμοι X.Mem. 4.4.21
;οἱ νόμοι οἱ ὑπὸ οἱ τῶν βασιλέων κείμενοι Isoc.1.36
, cf. D.24.62; ; αἱ κείμεναι ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπατικῶν γνῶμαι the votes given by.., D.H.7.47; οὐκέτι κ. ἡ διαθήκη no longer holds, Is.6.32; so of philosophical arguments, hold good,κατά τινων Phld.Rh.1.51
S.; ;κείμεναι ζημίαι Lys.14.9
, cf. Th.3.45.4 to be laid down in argument, posited, assumed,τοῦτο ἡμῖν οὕτω κείσθω Pl.R. 350d
, etc.;ὡμολογημένον ἡμῖν κ. Id.Plt. 300e
; freq. in Arist., let it be assumed, Apr. ,al.; τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κείμενον the assumption, Metaph.1008b2, 1047b10(pl.);τὰ περὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐν τοῖς περὶ ῥητορικῆς κ. Po. 1456a35
.5 of names, οὔνομα κεῖται the name is given, Hdt.4.184, 7.200, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.12, Pl.Sph. 257c, etc.; ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς κείμενον [ὄνομα] Is.3.32; κεῖσθαι without ὄνομα, Pl.Cra. 392d; κείμενα ὀόματα established terms, Arist. Top. 140a3, Demetr.Eloc.96.6 metaph., πάντα δεινὰ κἀπικινδύνως βροτοῖς κεῖται, παθεῖν μὲν εὖ, παθεῖν δὲ θάτερα danger is set before men, that they may.., S.Ph. 503.V metaph., of continuing conditions, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔκειτο lay heavy, Od.24.423; εὔστομα κείσθω remain unspoken, Hdt.2.171; νεῖκος ἔκειτό τισι there was an enduring feud, S.OT 491 (lyr.); Ἑλλήνων κείσομαι ἐν στόματι my name shall be a household word, AP9.62 (Even.);πολλῶν κείμενος ἐν στόμασιν Thgn.240
;εὖ κείμενα A.Ch. 693
; μὴ κινεῖν (sc. κακὸν) εὖ κείμενον 'let sleeping dogs lie', Pl.Phlb. 15c, cf. Hyp. Fr.30, Suid.2 ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, i.e. these things are yet in the power of the gods, to give or not, Il.17.514, 20.435.3 κεῖσθαι ἔν τινι to rest entirely or be dependent on him,ἐν ἀγαθοῖσι κ. πολίων κυβερνάσιες Pi.P.10.71
; (lyr.); alsoἐπί τινι, τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κ. Pi.P.8.76
: also with simple dat.,Λεωφίλῳ πάντα κεῖται Archil.69
, prob.in Com.Adesp.1325; of things, depend upon,τὸ πανηγυρικὸν ἐν μελέτῃ καὶ τριβῇ κ. Phld.Rh.1.93
S.;τὰ.. γυμνάσια ἐν τῇ κινήσει κ. Antyll.
ap. Orib.6.23.1.4 Medic., to be left to settle, of urine, Hp.Epid.1.26.β.b φάρυγξ οὐ φλεγμαίνουσα, κειμένη δέ, i.e. not swollen, ib.2.2.24.5 Gramm., of words and phrases, to be found, occur,παρὰ τῷ ποιητῃ Str.7.3.6
, cf. Ath.2.58b;κεῖται ἐν τῷ Περὶ Πλούτου Phld.Oec. p.39
J.; ποῦ κεῖται; Ath.4.165d, cf. Κειτούκειτος; κ. ἀντί τινος to be used instead of.., Str.8.6.7; τὸ κείμενον the received text, Sch.vulg.Pi.O.2.48. -
10 ἐπί
ἐπί prep. w. gen., dat., or acc.; s. the lit. on ἀνά, beg. (Hom.+). The basic idea is ‘upon’ (opp. ὑπό) Kühner-G. I 495; s. also Rob 600–605. (In the foll. classifications case use is presented seriatim; in earlier editions of this lexicon all sections, except 13, 17, and 18 [of time], were included under the general rubric ‘Place’.)① marker of location or surface, answering the question ‘where?’ on, upon, nearⓐ w. gen., marking a position on a surface ἐ. (τῆς) γῆς on (the) earth (cp. En 9:1; 98:1; ἐ. γῆς 25:6; PsSol 17:2) Mt 6:10, 19; 9:6; 23:9; Mk 6:47 al. (Ar. 12, 1; Just., A I, 54, 7 al.). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης on the sea (cp. Job 9:8; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 129 βαδίζειν ἐ. τῆς θαλ.; Lucian, Philops. 13 βαδίζειν ἐφʼ ὕδατος, VH 2, 4; Artem. 3, 16 ἐ. τ. θαλάσσης περιπατεῖν; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 15 p. 5, 26ff relying on the testimony of Hesiod: Orion was given a gift [δωρεά] by the gods καὶ ἐ. κυμάτων πορεύεσθαι καὶ ἐ. τῆς γῆς) Mt 14:26; Mk 6:48f; J 6:19 (w. acc. P75; s. 4bβ below). ἐ. τῶν νεφελῶν on the clouds Mt 24:30; 26:64 (Da 7:13; cp. Philo, Praem. 8). ἐ. κλίνης 9:2; Lk 17:34. ἐ. τοῦ δώματος on the roof vs. 31; Mt 24:17; 10:27 foll. by pl. W. verbs: κάθημαι ἐ. τινος sit on someth. (Job 2:8; ἐ. τοῦ ἅρματος GrBar 6:2; cp. JosAs 27:1 ἐ. τοῦ ὀχήματος καθεζόμενος; Just., D. 90, 5 ἐ. λίθου καθεζόμενος) Mt 24:3; 27:19; Ac 8:28; Rv 6:16; 9:17 (the same prep. used in Rv w. κάθημαι and dat. s. bα below, and w. acc. cα). ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τινος stand on someth. Ac 21:40; Rv 10:5, 8 (Just., D. 86, 2 ἐστηρίχθαι). With parts of the body: ἐ. χειρῶν αἴρειν carry on (i.e. in/with) their hands Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). ἐ. κεφαλῆς on the head (Hdt. 5, 12, 4) J 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rv 12:1. ἐ. τοῦ μετώπου Rv 7:3; 9:4. ἐ. γυμνοῦ on the naked body Mk 14:51. Cp. use of ἐπί w. καθίζω and gen., and ἐπί w. κάθημαι and acc. Mt 19:28.—In a gener. and fig. sense Ac 21:23.ⓑ w. dat., gener. suggesting contiguity on, in, above.α. answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., D. 105, 5 ἐ. τῷ σταυρῷ; Tat., 9:1 ἐ. τοῖς ὄρεσι; Ath. 20, 1 ἐ. τῷ μετώπῳ; Mel., P. 19, 131 ἐ. σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ) ἐ. πίνακι on a platter Mt 14:8, 11; Mk 6:25, 28. ἀνακλῖναι ἐ. τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ on the green grass 6:39. ἐ. τοῖς κραβάττοις vs. 55. ἐπέκειτο ἐπʼ αὐτῷ lay on it (or before it) J 11:38. καθήμενος ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ Rv 4:9 (cp. gen. w. καθ. 1a above, and acc. cα below) 5:13; 7:10 and oft. ἐφʼ ἵπποις λευκοῖς on white horses 19:14. ἐ. σανίσιν on planks Ac 27:44. ἐ. τῇ στοᾷ in the colonnade 3:11. τὰ ἐ. τοῖς οὐρανοῖς what is above (or in) the heavens Eph 1:10. ἐπʼ αὐτῷ above him, at his head Lk 23:38 (=Mt 27:37 ἐπάνω τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).β. answering the question ‘whither?’ on, upon (Hom. et al.) w. verbs that indicate a direction: οἰκοδομεῖν ἐ. τινι build upon someth. Mt 16:18. ἐποικοδομεῖν Eph 2:20. ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπίβλημα ἐ. ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ put a patch on an old garment Mt 9:16. ἐπιπίπτειν ἐ. τινι Ac 8:16. ἐκάθισεν ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ he sat down on the throne GJs 11:1. λίθον ἐπʼ αὐτῇ βαλέτω J 8:7 v.l. (cp. 12a below).ⓒ w. acc., answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; LXX; JosAs 29:2 φορῶν ἐ. τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ ῥομφαίαν; Just., D. 53, 1 ζυγὸν ἐ. αὐχένα μὴ ἔχων)α. on, over someth. καθεύδειν ἐ. τι sleep on someth. Mk 4:38. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τι sit on someth. Mt 19:28 (in the same vs. καθίζω w. gen., s. a above) J 12:15; Rv 4:4; 6:2; 11:16 al.; cp. Lk 21:35b; κεῖσθαι ἐ. τι lie upon someth. 2 Cor 3:15. κατακεῖσθαι Lk 5:25. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὸν αἰγιαλόν stand on the shore Mt 13:2; cp. Rv 14:1. ἑστῶτας ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν standing beside the sea 15:2. ἔστη ἐ. τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου (the star) remained stationary over the head of the child GJs 21:3. σκηνοῦν ἐ. τινα spread a tent over someone Rv 7:15. ἐ. τὴν δεξιάν at the right hand 5:1. λίθος ἐ. λίθον stone upon stone Mt 24:2.β. ἐ. τὸ αὐτό at the same place, together (Ps.-X., Respublica Athen. [The Old Oligarch] 2, 2; Pla., Rep. 329a; SIG 736, 66 [92 B.C.]. In pap=‘in all’: PTebt 14, 20 [114 B.C.]; PFay 102, 6.—2 Km 2:13; En 100:2) εἶναι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό be together Lk 17:35; Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44. In 1 Cor 7:5 it is a euphemistic expr. for sexual union. κατοικεῖν ἐ. τὸ αὐτό live in the same place (Dt 25:5) Hm 5, 1, 4. Also w. verbs of motion (Sus 14 Theod.) συνέρχεσθαι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό come together to the same place 1 Cor 11:20; 14:23; cp. B 4:10 (Just., A I, 67, 3 συνέλευσις γίνεται). συνάγεσθαι (Phlegon of Tralles [Hadr.]: 257 Fgm. 36 III 9 Jac.; PsSol 2:2; TestJob 28:5 Jos., Bell. 2, 346) Mt 22:34; Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2); 1 Cl 34:7. ἐ. τὸ αὐτὸ μίγνυσθαι be mixed together Hm 10, 3, 3. προσετίθει ἐ. τὸ αὐτό added to their number Ac 2:47.γ. at, by, near someone or someth. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τὸ τελώνιον sit at the tax-office Mt 9:9 (ἐ. τὰς ὡραίας πύλας GrBar prol. 2); Mk 2:14. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὴν θύραν stand at the door Rv 3:20. σὺ ἔστης ἐ. τὸ θυσιαστήριον you are standing (ἕστηκας deStrycker) as priest at the altar GJs 8:2. ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς among you 2 Th 1:10; cp. Ac 1:21.—Of pers., over whom someth. is done ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐ. τινα speak the name of Jesus over someone Ac 19:13. ἐπικαλεῖν τὸ ὄνομά τινος ἐ. τινα=to claim someone for one’s own (Jer 14:9; 2 Ch 7:14; 2 Macc 8:15) Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); Js 2:7; Hs 8, 6, 4. προσεύχεσθαι ἐ. τινα pray over someone Js 5:14.② marker of presence or occurrence near an object or area, at, nearⓐ w. gen., of immediate proximity to things at, near (Hdt. 7, 115; X., An. 4, 3, 28 al.; LXX, Just.) ἐ. τ. θυρῶν at the gates (Plut., C. Gracch. 841 [14, 3]; PRyl 127, 8f [29 A.D.] κοιμωμένου μου ἐ. τῆς θύρας; 1 Macc 1:55; Just., D. 111, 4) Ac 5:23 (s. b below for dat. in 5:9). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης near the sea (Polyb. 1, 44, 4; Ex 14:2; Dt 1:40; 1 Macc 14:34) J 21:1. ἐ. τῆς ὁδοῦ by the road Mt 21:19. ἐσθίειν ἐ. τῆς πραπέζης τινός eat at someone’s table Lk 22:30 (cp. POxy 99, 14 [55 A.D.] τράπεζα, ἐφʼ ἧς Σαραπίων καὶ μέτοχοι; Da 11:27 LXX ἐ. μιᾶς τραπέζης). ἐ. τοῦ (τῆς) βάτου at the thornbush = in the passage about the thornbush (i.e. Ex 3:1ff) Mk 12:26; Lk 20:37.ⓑ with dat., of immediate proximity at, near by (Hom.+) ἦν ἔτι ἐ. τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου was still at the place, where J 11:30 v.l. (for ἐν; cp. Just., D. 402). ἐ. τῇ θύρᾳ (ἐ. θύραις) at the door (Hom. et al.; Wsd 19:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 90; Just., D. 32, 3) Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29; Ac 5:9 (s. a above). ἐ. τοῖς πυλῶσιν Rv 21:12. ἐ. τῇ πηγῇ J 4:6 (Jos., Ant. 5, 58 ἐ. τινι πηγῇ; Just., A I, 64, 1 ἐ. ταῖς … πηγαῖς). ἐ. τῇ προβατικῇ (sc. πύλῃ) near the sheepgate 5:2; cp. Ac 3:10. ἐ. τῷ ποταμῷ near the river (since Il. 7, 133; Jos., Ant. 4, 176 ἐ. τ. Ἰορδάνῳ) Rv 9:14.—Of pers. (Diod S 14, 113, 6; Just., A I, 40, 7) ἐφʼ ὑμῖν among you 2 Cor 7:7; cp. Ac 28:14 v.l.③ marker of involvement in an official proceeding, before, w. gen., of pers., esp. in the language of lawsuits (Pla., Leg. 12, 943d; Isaeus 5, 1 al.; UPZ 71, 15; 16 [152 B.C.]; POxy 38, 11; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 382, 23=BGU 909, 23; Jos., Vi. 258; Just., A II, 1, 1 ἐ. Οὐρβίκου). ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος in the governor’s presence Mt 28:14. ἐ. ἡγεμόνων καὶ βασιλέων Mk 13:9. ἐ. σου before you (the procurator) Ac 23:30. ἐ. Τερτούλλου Phlm subscr. v.l.; στάντος μου ἐ. τοῦ συνεδρίου Ac 24:20 (cp. Diod S 11, 55, 4 ἐ. τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου τ. Ἑλλήνων). γυναικὸς … διαβληθείσης ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου Papias (2:17). κρίνεσθαι ἐ. τῶν ἀδίκων go to law before the unrighteous 1 Cor 6:1. κριθήσεται ἐφʼ ὑμῶν before your tribunal D 11:11. μαρτυρεῖν ἐ. Ποντίου Πιλάτου testify before Pontius Pilate 1 Ti 6:13 (s. μαρτυρέω 1c). ἐ. τοῦ βήματος (POxy 37 I, 3 [49 A.D.]) ἑστὼς ἐ. τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρός εἰμι I am standing before Caesar’s tribunal Ac 25:10 (Appian says Prooem. c. 15 §62 of himself: δίκαις ἐν Ῥώμῃ συναγορεύσας ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων=I acted as attorney in lawsuits in Rome before the emperors).—Gener. in someone’s presence (Appian, Syr. 61 §324 ἐφʼ ὑμῶν=in your presence) ἐ. Τίτου before Titus 2 Cor 7:14. Cp.10 below.④ marker of movement to or contact w. a goal, toward, in direction of, onⓐ w. gen., marking contact with the goal that is reached, answering the question ‘whither?’ toward, on, at w. verbs of motion (Appian, Iber. 98 §427 ἀπέπλευσεν ἐπʼ οἴκου=he sailed [toward] home; PGM 4, 2468f ἀναβὰς ἐ. δώματος; JosAs 27:1 ἀνέδραμε … ἐ. πέτρας; Jos., Ant. 4, 91 ἔφευγον ἐ. τ. πόλεων; Tat. 33:3 Εὐρώπην ἐ. τοῦ ταύρου καθιδρύσαντος) βάλλειν τὸν σπόρον ἐ. τῆς γῆς Mk 4:26; also σπείρειν vs. 31. πίπτειν (Wsd 18:23; TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 11 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 9:1) 9:20; 14:35. καθιέναι Ac 10:11. τιθέναι (Sir 17:4) Lk 8:16; J 19:19; Ac 5:15. ἔρχεσθαι Hb 6:7; Rv 3:10; γίνεσθαι ἐ. reach, be at J 6:21. γενόμενος ἐ. τοῦ τόπου when he reached the place Lk 22:40. καθίζειν take one’s seat ἐ. θρόνου (JosAs 7:1 al.) Mt 19:28 (s. 1a end); 23:2; 25:31; J 19:13 (ἐ. βήματος of Pilate as Jos., Bell. 2, 172; of Jesus Just., A I, 35, 6). κρεμαννύναι ἐ. ξύλου hang on a tree (i.e. cross) (Gen 40:19; cp. Just., D. 86, 6 σταυρωθῆναι ἐ. τοῦ ξύλου) Ac 5:30; 10:39; cp. Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23).ⓑ w. acc.α. specifying direction (En 24:2 ἐ. νότον ‘southward’ of position of the mountain) of motion that takes a particular direction, to, toward ἐκτείνας τ. χεῖρα ἐ. τοὺς μαθητάς Mt 12:49; cp. Lk 22:53 (JosAs 12:8). πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὸ ἀπολωλός go after the one that is lost 15:4. ἐ. τὴν ῏Ασσον in the direction of Assos Ac 20:13. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐ. τι turn to someth. 2 Pt 2:22 (cp. Pr 26:11; En 99:5). ὡς ἐ. λῃστήν as if against a robber Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52.β. from one point to another across, over w. motion implied (Hom.+; LXX) περιπατεῖν, ἐλθεῖν ἐ. τ. θάλασσαν or ἐ. τ. ὕδατα Mt 14:25, 28f; J 6:19 P75. Of spreading across the land (PsSol 17:10): famine Ac 7:11; 11:28; darkness Mt 27:45; Lk 23:44. ἐ. σταδίους δώδεκα χιλιάδων across twelve thousand stades Rv 21:16 v.l. (Polyaenus 5, 44, 4 ἐ. στάδια δέκα); ἐ. πλεῖον further (1 Esdr 2:24; 2 Macc 10:27) Ac 4:17.γ. of goal attained (Hom. et al.; LXX) on, upon someone or someth. πέσατε ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς Lk 23:30 (Hos 10:8). ἔπεσεν ἐ. τὰ πετρώδη Mt 13:5; cp. Lk 13:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τινα come upon someone Mt 3:16; also καταβαίνειν fr. above J 1:33; cp. Rv 16:21. ἀναβαίνειν (Jos., Ant. 13, 138; Just., A II, 12, 7) Lk 5:19. ἐπιβαίνειν Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9).—Ac 2:3; 9:4 al.; διασωθῆναι ἐ. τ. γῆν be brought safely to the land 27:44; cp. vs. 43; Lk 8:27. ἐ. τὸ πλοῖον to the ship Ac 20:13. ἀναπεσεῖν ἐ. τὴν γῆν lie down or sit down on the ground Mt 15:35. ἔρριψεν αὐτὸν χαμαὶ ἐ. τὸν σάκκον he threw himself down on the sackcloth GJs 13:1. τιθέναι τι ἐ. τι put someth. on someth. (JosAs 16:11) Mt 5:15; Lk 11:33; Mk 8:25 v.l.; likew. ἐπιτιθέναι (JosAs 29:5) Mt 23:4; Mk 8:25; Lk 15:5; J 9:6, 15; Ac 15:10. ἐπιβάλλειν τ. χεῖρας ἐ. τινα (Gen 22:12 al.) Mt 26:50; Lk 21:12; Ac 5:18. Mainly after verbs of placing, laying, putting, bringing, etc. on, to: ἀναβιβάζω, ἀναφέρω, βάλλω, γράφω, δίδωμι, ἐγγίζω, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐποικοδομέω, ἐπιρ(ρ)ίπτω, θεμελιόω, ἵστημι, κατάγω, οἰκοδομέω, σωρεύω; s. these entries. Sim. βρέχειν ἐ. τινα cause rain to fall upon someone Mt 5:45 (cp. PsSol 17:18); also τ. ἥλιον ἀνατέλλειν ἐ. τινα cause the sun to rise so that its rays fall upon someone *ibid. τύπτειν τινὰ ἐ. τὴν σιαγόνα strike on the cheek Lk 6:29. πίπτειν ἐ. (τὸ) πρόσωπον (Jdth 14:6) on the face Mt 17:6; 26:39; Lk 5:12; 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25; Rv 7:11.—To, upon w. acc. of thing πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὴν ὁδόν go to the road Ac 8:26; cp. 9:11. ἐ. τὰς διεξόδους Mt 22:9. ἵνα μὴ πνέῃ ἄνεμος ἐ. πᾶν δένδρον so that no wind should blow upon any tree Rv 7:1.δ. of closeness to someth. or someone to, up to, in the neighborhood of, on ἐ. τὸ μνημεῖον up to the tomb Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1 v.l., 22, 24; cp. ἐ. τὸ μνῆμα Mk 16:2 v.l.; Lk 24:1. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τι ὕδωρ come to some water Ac 8:36. ἐ. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν to the iron gate 12:10. καταβαίνειν ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν go down to the sea J 6:16. ἐ. τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mt 3:13 (Just., D. 88, 3 al.). ἀναπίπτειν ἐ. τὸ στῆθος he leaned back on (Jesus’) breast J 13:25; 21:20. πίπτειν ἐ. τοὺς πόδας fall at (someone’s) feet Ac 10:25 (JosAs 14:10 ἔπεσεν ἐ πρόσωπον ἐ. τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ). ἐ. τ. ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mt 13:7.—W. acc. of pers. to someone ἐ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐλθόντες they came to Jesus J 19:33; cp. Mt 27:27; Mk 5:21.ε. in imagery of goal or objective to, toward (Just., A II, 7, 6 ἐπʼ ἀμφότερα τρέπεσθαι) ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐ. τινα turn to (Dt 30:10; 31:20 al.; Ar. 2, 1 ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐ. τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος ‘let us now turn to …’; Just., D. 56, 11 ἐ. τὰς γραφὰς ἐπανελθών) Lk 1:17; Ac 9:35; 11:21; 14:15; 26:20; Gal 4:9; 1 Pt 2:25.⑤ marker of manner, corresponding to an adv., w. dat. (Aeschyl., Suppl. 628 ἐπʼ ἀληθείᾳ; UPZ 162 VI, 3 [117 B.C.] κακοτρόπως καὶ ἐ. ῥαδιουργίᾳ; POxy 237 VI, 21 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; ἐφʼ ὁράσει En 14:8; Just., A I, 9, 3 ἐφʼ ὕβρει; 55, 7 ἐ. τούτῳ τῷ σχήματι ‘in this form’; Tat. 17, 1 ἐπʼ ἀκριβείᾳ; Ath. 33, 2 ἐφʼ ἑνὶ γάμῳ) ὁ σπείρων ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις (in contrast to ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως one who sows sparingly) one who sows in blessing (i.e. generously) 2 Cor 9:6. ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις θερίζειν reap generously ibid.⑥ marker of basis for a state of being, action, or result, on, w. dat. (Hom. et al.)ⓐ ἐπʼ ἄρτῳ ζῆν live on bread Mt 4:4; Lk 4:4 (both Dt 8:3. cp. Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1, 105c; Plut., Mor. 526d; Alciphron 3, 7, 5; SibOr 4, 154). ἐ. τῷ ῥήματί σου depending on your word Lk 5:5. οὐ συνῆκαν ἐ. τοῖς ἄρτοις they did not arrive at an understanding (of it) (by reflecting) on (the miracle of) the loaves Mk 6:52 (cp. Demosth. 18, 121 τί σαυτὸν οὐκ ἐλλεβορίζεις ἐ. τούτοις [sc. λόγοις];=why do you not come to an understanding concerning these words?). ἐ. τῇ πίστει on the basis of faith Ac 3:16; Phil 3:9. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι on the basis of hope, supporting itself on hope Ac 2:26 (? s. ἐλπίς 1bα); Ro 4:18; 8:20; 1 Cor 9:10; Tit 1:2.—Ac 26:6 ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι gives the basis of the trial at law, as does ἐ. εὐεργεσίᾳ 4:9. ἀπολύειν τ. γυναῖκα ἐ. πορνείᾳ Mt 19:9 (cp. Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 10 ἀπολύειν ἐπʼ ἀργυρίῳ; Ath. 2, 3 κρίνεσθαι … μὴ ἐ. τῷ ὀνόματι, ἐ. δὲ τῷ ἀδικήματι). γυναικὸς ἐ. πόλλαις ἁμαρτίαις διαβληθείσης Papias (2:17). On the basis of the testimony of two witnesses (cp. Appian, Iber. 79 §343 ἤλεγχον ἐ. μάρτυσι) Hb 10:28 (Dt 17:6); sim. use of ἐ. τινί on the basis of someth.: 8:6; 9:10, 15 (here it may also be taken in the temporal sense; s. 18 below), 17. ἁμαρτάνειν ἐ. τῷ ὁμοιώματι τ. παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ Ro 5:14 (ὁμοίωμα 1). δαπανᾶν ἐ. τινι pay the expenses for someone Ac 21:24. ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι be content w. someth. 3J 10.ⓑ w. verbs of believing, hoping, trusting: πεποιθέναι (Wsd 3:9; Sus 35; 1 Macc 10:71; 2 Macc 7:40 and oft.) Lk 11:22; 18:9; 2 Cor 1:9; Hb 2:13 (2 Km 22:3). πιστεύειν Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16). ἐλπίζειν (2 Macc 2:18; Sir 34:7) Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10); 1 Ti 4:10; 6:17; cp. 1J 3:3. παρρησιάζεσθαι Ac 14:3.ⓒ after verbs which express feelings, opinions, etc.: at, because of, from, with (Hom. et al.) διαταράσσεσθαι Lk 1:29. ἐκθαυμάζειν Mk 12:17. ἐκπλήσσεσθαι Mt 7:28; Mk 1:22; Lk 4:32; Ac 13:12. ἐξίστασθαι (Jdth 11:16; Wsd 5:2 al.) Lk 2:47. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι (Is 1:29) Ro 6:21. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Sir 16:1; 18:32; 1 Macc 11:44) Rv 18:20. θαμβεῖσθαι Mk 10:24; cp. Lk 5:9; Ac 3:10. θαυμάζειν (Lev 26:32; Jdth 10:7 al.; Jos., Ant. 10, 277) Mk 12:17 v.l. μακροθυμεῖν (Sir 18:11; 29:8; 35:19) Mt 18:26, 29; Lk 18:7; Js 5:7. μετανοεῖν (Plut., Ag. 803 [19, 5]; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 84; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 7; Just., A I, 61, 10; D. 95, 3 al.) 2 Cor 12:21. ὀδυνᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 6:15) Ac 20:38. ὀργίζεσθαι Rv 12:17. σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 14:14; Lk 7:13. συλλυπεῖσθαι Mk 3:5. στυγνάζειν 10:22. χαίρειν (PEleph 13, 3; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; Tob 13:15; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:2; Ar. 15, 7) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ro 16:19 al. χαρὰν καὶ παράκλησιν ἔχειν Phlm 7. χαρὰ ἔσται Lk 15:7; cp. vs. 10 (Jos., Ant. 6, 116 ἡ ἐ. τῇ νίκῃ χαρά). Also w. verbs that denote aroused feelings παραζηλοῦν and παροργίζειν make jealous and angry at Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21). παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 3:7a (cp. Just., D. 78:8 παράκλησιν ἐχουσῶν ἐ.), as well as those verbs that denote an expression of the emotions ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 13:15; Ps 69:5) Lk 1:47; Hs 8, 1, 18; 9, 24, 2. καυχᾶσθαι (Diod S 16, 70; Sir 30:2) Ro 5:2. κοπετὸν ποιεῖν (cp. 3 Macc 4:3) Ac 8:2. ὀλολύζειν Js 5:1. αἰνεῖν (cp. X., An. 3, 1, 45 al.) Lk 2:20. δοξάζειν (Polyb. 6, 53, 10; cp. Diod S 17, 21, 4 δόξα ἐ. ἀνδρείᾳ=fame because of bravery) Ac 4:21; 2 Cor 9:13. εὐχαριστεῖν give thanks for someth. (s. εὐχαριστέω 2; UPZ 59, 10 [168 B.C.] ἐ. τῷ ἐρρῶσθαί σε τ. θεοῖς εὐχαρίστουν) 1 Cor 1:4; cp. 2 Cor 9:15; 1 Th 3:9.—ἐφʼ ᾧ = ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for this reason that, because (Diod S 19, 98; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 112 §520; Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 640 D.; Synes., Ep. 73 p. 221c; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 154; Syntipas p. 12, 9; 127, 8; Thomas Mag. ἐφʼ ᾧ ἀντὶ τοῦ διότι; cp. W-S. §24, 5b and 12f. S. WKümmel, D. Bild des Menschen im NT ’48, 36–40) Ro 5:12 (SLyonnet, Biblica 36, ’55, 436–56 [denies a causal sense here]. On the probability of commercial idiom s. FDanker, FGingrich Festschr. ’72, 104f, also Ro 5:12, Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’68, 424–39; against him SPorter, TynBull 41, ’90, 3–30, also NTS 39, ’93, 321–33; difft. JFitzmyer, Anchor Bible Comm.: Romans, ad loc. ‘w. the result that all have sinned’); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for, indeed 4:10.⑦ marker of addition to what is already in existence, to, in addition to. W. dat. (Hom. et al.; PEleph 5, 17 [284/283 B.C.] μηνὸς Τῦβι τρίτῃ ἐπʼ εἰκάδι; Tob 2:14; Sir 3:27; 5:5) προσέθηκεν τοῦτο ἐ. πᾶσιν he added this to everything else Lk 3:20 (cp. Lucian, Luct. [On Funerals], 24). ἐ. τ. παρακλήσει ἡμῶν in addition to our comfort 2 Cor 7:13. λύπη ἐ. λύπῃ grief upon grief Phil 2:27 v.l. (cp. Soph., Oed. C. 544, also Polyb. 1, 57, 1 πληγὴ ἐ. πληγῇ; Plut., Mor. 123f; Polyaenus 5, 52 ἐ. φόνῳ φόνον; Quint. Smyrn. 5, 602 ἐ. πένθει πένθος=sorrow upon sorrow; Sir 26:15). ἐ. τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ to your prayer of thanks 1 Cor 14:16. So perh. also Hb 8:1. ἐ. πᾶσι τούτοις to all these Col 3:14; Lk 16:26 v.l. (X., Mem. 1, 2, 25 al.; Sir 37:15; cp. 1 Macc 10:42; Just., D. 133, 1 ἐ. τούτοις πᾶσι).—W. acc.: addition to someth. of the same kind Mt 6:27; Lk 12:25; Rv 22:18a. λύπην ἐ. λύπην sorrow upon sorrow Phil 2:27 (cp. Is 28:10, 13; Ezk 7:26; Ps 68:28).⑧ marker of perspective, in consideration of, in regard to, on the basis of, concerning, about, w. gen. (Antig. Car. 164 ἐ. τῶν οἴνων ἀλλοιοῦσθαι; 4 Macc. 2:9 ἐ. τῶν ἑτέρων … ἔστιν ἐπιγνῶναι τοῦτο, ὅτι …; Ath. 29, 2 τὰ ἐ. τῆς μανίας πάθη) ἐ. δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων on the evidence of two or three witnesses 1 Ti 5:19 (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 22ff. [Stone p. 32]). Sim. in the expr. ἐ. στόματος δύο μαρτύρων (Dt 19:15) Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1. ἐπʼ αὐτῆς on the basis of it Hb 7:11. ἐπʼ ἀληθείας based on truth = in accordance w. truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17 ἐπʼ ἀληθείας οὐδεμιᾶς εἰρημένα; POxy 255, 16 [48 A.D.]; Da 2:8; Tob 8:7; En 104:11) Mk 12:14, 32; Lk 4:25; 20:21; Ac 4:27. ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ based on himself = to or by himself (X., An. 2, 4, 10; Demosth. 18, 224 ἐκρίνετο ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 16 ἐ. σεαυτοῦ. Cp. Kühner-G. I 498e) 2 Cor 10:7.—To introduce the object which is to be discussed or acted upon λέγειν ἐ. τινος speak of, about someth. (Pla., Charm., 155d, Leg. 2, 662d; Isocr. 6, 41; Aelian, VH 1, 30; Jer 35:8; EpArist 162; 170; Ath. 5:1 ἐ. τοῦ νοητοῦ … δογματίζειν) Gal 3:16. Do someth. on, in the case of (cp. 1 Esdr 1:22) σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἐ. τῶν ἀσθενούντων work miracles on the sick J 6:2.—On B 13:6 s. τίθημι 1bζ.—In ref. to someth. (Aristot., Pol. 1280a, 17; 4 Macc 12:5 τῶν ἐ. τῆς βασιλείας … πραγμάτων; Just., A I, 5, 1 ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ‘in our case’, D. 131, 4; Ath. 15, 3 ἐ. τῆς ὕλης καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ‘as respects God and matter, so …’) ἐ. τινων δεῖ ἐγκρατεύεσθαι in certain matters one must practice self-control Hm 8:1. οὔτε … οἴδασι τὸν ἐ. τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον nor do they comprehend (the figurative sense of) the sowing of wheat AcPlCor 2:26 (cp. 1 Cor 15:36f).⑨ marker of power, authority, control of or over someone or someth., overⓐ w. gen. (Hdt. 5, 109 al.; Mitt-Wilck. I/1, 124, 1=BGU 1120, 1 [5 B.C.] πρωτάρχῳ ἐ. τοῦ κριτηρίου; 287, 1; LXX; AscIs 2:5 τοῦ ἐ. τῶν πραγματε[ι] ῶν=Denis p. 109) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινος (Judg 9:8, 10; 1 Km 8:7) Rv 5:10. ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων 17:18. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τινος have power over someone 20:6. διδόναι ἐξουσίαν ἐ. τινος 2:26. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινος set someone over, put someone in charge, of someth. or someone (Pla., Rep. 5, 460b; Demosth. 18, 118; Gen 39:4f; 1 Macc 6:14; 10:37; 2 Macc 12:20 al.; EpArist 281; τεταγμένος En 20:5) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42; Ac 6:3. εἶναι ἐ. τινος (Synes., Ep. 79 p. 224d; Tob 1:22; Jdth 14:13; 1 Macc 10:69) ὸ̔ς ἦν ἐ. πάσης τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς who was in charge of all her treasure 8:27. Of God ὁ ὢν ἐ. πάντων (Apollonius of Tyana [I A.D.] in Eus., PE 4, 13) Ro 9:5; cp. Eph 4:6. ὁ ἐ. τινος w. ὤν to be supplied (Demosth. 18, 247 al.; Diod S 13, 47, 6; Plut., Pyrrh. 385 [5, 7], Aemil. Paul. 267 [23, 6]; PTebt 5, 88 [118 B.C.] ὁ ἐ. τ. προσόδων; 1 Macc 6:28; 2 Macc 3:7; 3 Macc 6:30 al.; EpArist 110; 174) ὁ ἐ. τοῦ κοιτῶνος the chamberlain Ac 12:20.ⓑ w dat. (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 5; 2, 4, 25 al., An. 4, 1, 13; Demosth. 19, 113; Aeschines 2, 73; Esth 8:12e; Just., A II, 5, 2 ἀγγέλοις οὓς ἐ. τούτοις ἔταξε; cp. Ath. 24, 3; Ath. 6, 4 τὸν ἐ. τῇ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος λόγον) Mt 24:47; Lk 12:44.ⓒ w. acc. (X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Dionys. Byz. §56 θεῷ ἐ. πάντα δύναμις; LXX; PsSol 17:3, 32) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινα rule over someone (Gen 37:8; Judg 9:15 B al.) Lk 1:33; 19:14, 27; Ro 5:14. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινα set someone over someone (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 58) κριτὴν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς as judge over you Lk 12:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:10; cp. Hb 2:7 v.l. (Ps 8:7); 3:6; 10:21. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τι Rv 16:9. ἐξουσίαν διδόναι ἐ. τι (Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; 10:19; Rv 6:8; cp. 22:14. φυλάσσειν φυλακὰς ἐ. τι Lk 2:8 (cp. En 100:5). ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐ. τινα exalt oneself above someone 2 Th 2:4 (cp. Da 11:36); but here the mng. against is also poss. (s. 12b below). πιστὸς ἐ. τι faithful over someth. Mt 25:21, 23.⑩ marker of legal proceeding, before, w. acc. in the lang. of the law-courts ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἄγεσθαι be brought before governors and kings Mt 10:18; cp. Lk 21:12 (cp. BGU 22, 36 [114 A.D.] ἀξιῶ ἀκθῆναι [=ἀχθῆναι] τ. ἐνκαλουμένους ἐ. σὲ πρὸς δέουσαν ἐπέξοδον; Just., A II, 2, 12 ἐ. Οὔρβικον). ὑπάγεις ἐπʼ ἄρχοντα you are going before the magistrate Lk 12:58; cp. Ac 16:19. ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐ. τὸν Πιλᾶτον Lk 23:1. ἐ. τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς Ac 9:21. ἐ. Καίσαρα πορεύεσθαι come before the emperor 25:12. ἐ. τὰς συναγωγάς Lk 12:11. ἐ. τὸ βῆμα Ac 18:12. Cp. 3 above. Here the focus is on transfer to the judiciary.⑪ marker of purpose, goal, result, to, for, w. acc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac. ἐ. κατοικίαν) ἐ. τὸ βάπτισμα for baptism=to have themselves baptized Mt 3:7 (cp. Just., A I, 61, 10 ἐ. τὸ λουτρόν; D. 56, 1 ἐ. τὴν … κρίσιν πεμφθεῖσι). ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην for (i.e. to see) this sight Lk 23:48 (sim. Hom. et al.; POxy 294, 18 [22 A.D.]; LXX; Tat. 23, 2 ἐ. τὴν θέαν). ἐ. τὸ συμφέρον to (our) advantage Hb 12:10 (cp. Tat. 6, 1; 34, 2 οὐκ ἐ. τι χρήσιμον ‘to no purpose’). ἐ. σφαγήν Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); cp. Mt 22:5; ἐ. τ. τελειότητα Hb 6:1. ἐ. τοῦτο for this (X., An. 2, 5, 22; Jos., Ant. 12, 23) Lk 4:43. ἐφʼ ὅ; for what (reason)? Mt 26:50 v.l. (s. ὅς 1bα and 1iβ). Cp. 16.⑫ marker of hostile opposition, againstⓐ w. dat. (Hom. et al.; 2 Macc 13:19; Sir 28:23 v.l.; fig. Ath. 22, 7 τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς λόγους ‘counter-evidence’) Lk 12:52f (s. use of acc. b below); Ac 11:19. Cp. J 8:7 v.l. (1bβ above).ⓑ w. acc. (Hdt. 1, 71; X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 331; LXX; En; TestJud 3:1 al.; JosAs 19:2; Just., D. 103, 7; Tat. 36, 2) ὥρμησαν ἐ. αὐτόν Ac 7:57. ἔρχεσθαι Lk 14:31. ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα ἐ. γονεῖς Mt 10:21; Mk 13:12; cp. ἔθνος ἐ. ἔθνος Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8. ἐφʼ ἑαυτόν divided against himself Mt 12:26; Mk 3:24f, 26; Lk 11:17f; cp. J 13:18 (s. Ps 40:10); Ac 4:27; 13:50 al.—Lk 12:53 (4 times; the first and third occurrences w. the acc. are prob. influenced by usage in Mic 7:6; the use of the dat. Lk 12:52f [s. a above] w. a verb expressing a circumstance is in accord with older Gk. [Il. et al.], which prefers the acc. with verbs of motion in ref. to hostility). Cp. 15.⑬ marker of number or measure, w. acc. (Hdt. et. al.; LXX; GrBar 3:6) ἐ. τρίς (CIG 1122, 9; PHolm α18) three times Ac 10:16; 11:10. So also ἐ. πολύ more than once Hm 4, 1, 8. ἐ. πολύ (also written ἐπιπολύ) in a different sense to a great extent, carefully (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Lucian, D. Deor. 6, 2; 25, 2; 3 Macc 5:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 107) B 4:1. ἐ. πλεῖον to a greater extent, further (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Diod S 11, 60, 5 al.; prob. 2 Macc 12:36; TestGad 7:2; Ar. 4, 3; Ath. 7, 1 ἐ. το πλεῖστον) 2 Ti 3:9; 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4). ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον 2 Ti 3:13. ἐφʼ ὅσον to the degree that, in so far as (Diod S 1, 93, 2; Maximus Tyr. 11, 3c ἐφʼ ὅσον δύναται; Hierocles 14 p. 451) Mt 25:40, 45; B 4:11; 17:1; Ro 11:13.⑭ marker indicating the one to whom, for whom, or about whom someth. is done, to, on, aboutⓐ w. dat. πράσσειν τι ἐ. τινι do someth. to someone Ac 5:35 (thus Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51; cp. δρᾶν τι ἐ. τινι Hdt. 3, 14; Aelian, NA 11, 11); about γεγραμμένα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ J 12:16 (cp. Hdt. 1, 66). προφητεύειν ἐ. τινι Rv 10:11. μαρτυρεῖν bear witness about Hb 11:4; Rv 22:16. ἐ. σοὶ … φανερώσει κύριος τὸ λύτρον the Lord will reveal the salvation to you GJs 7:2.ⓑ w. acc.α. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον the man on whom the miracle had been performed Ac 4:22 (cp. Just., D. 128, 1 κρίσεως γεγενημένης ἐ. Σόδομα). ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν λέγεται ταῦτα the one about whom this was said Hb 7:13 (cp. ἐ. πόρρω οὖσαν [γενεὰν] ἐγὼ λαλῶ En 1:2). γέγραπται ἐπʼ αὐτόν Mk 9:12f; cp. Ro 4:9; 1 Ti 1:18; βάλλειν κλῆρον ἐ. τι for someth. Mk 15:24; J 19:24 (Ps 21:19). ἀνέβη ὁ κλῆρος ἐ. Συμεών the lot came up in favor of Simeon GJs 24:4.β. of powers, conditions, etc., which come upon someone or under whose influence someone is: on, upon, to, over ἐγένετο ῥῆμα θεοῦ ἐ. Ἰωάννην the word of God came to John Lk 3:2 (cp. Jer 1:1). Of divine blessings (cp. En 1:8; ParJer 5:28) Mt 10:13; 12:28; Lk 10:6; 11:20; cp. 10:9; Ac 10:10. ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπʼ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τ. Χριστοῦ that the power of Christ may rest upon me 2 Cor 12:9. χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. Various verbs are used in ref. to the Holy Spirit, either in pass. or act. role, in connection w. ἐ. τινα: ἐκχεῖν Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f); cp. 10:45; Tit 3:6. ἀποστέλλειν (ἐξαποστέλλειν v.l.) Lk 24:49. ἐπέρχεσθαι 1:35; Ac 1:8 (Just., D. 87, 3; cp. ἔρχεσθαι A I, 33, 6; D. 49, 7 ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλίου ἐ. τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐλθεῖν). ἐπιπίπτειν 10:44. καταβαίνειν Lk 3:22; J 1:33. τίθεσθαι Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1). Also εἶναι Lk 2:25. μένειν J 1:32f. ἀναπαύεσθαι 1 Pt 4:14. Of unpleasant or startling experiences Lk 1:12, 65; 4:36; Ac 13:11; 19:17; Rv 11:11.—Lk 19:43; 21:35, cp. vs. 34; J 18:4; Eph 5:6; cp. Rv 3:3.—Ro 2:2, 9; 15:3 (Ps 68:10). Of the blood of the righteous, that comes over or upon the murderers Mt 23:35; 27:25; Ac 5:28. Of care, which one casts on someone else 1 Pt 5:7 (Ps 54:23).⑮ marker of feelings directed toward someone, in, on, for, toward, w. acc., after words that express belief, trust, hope: πιστεύειν ἐ. τινα, w. acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 16:4 al.) Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; Ro 4:24. πίστις Hb 6:1. πεποιθέναι (Is 58:14) Mt 27:43; 2 Th 3:4; 2 Cor 2:3. ἐλπίζειν (1 Ch 5:20; 2 Ch 13:18 al.; PsSol 9:10; 17:3; Just., D. 16:4 al.) 1 Pt 1:13; 1 Ti 5:5. After words that characterize an emotion or its expression: for κόπτεσθαι (Zech 12:10) Rv 1:7; 18:9. κλαίειν Lk 23:28; Rv 18:9 (cp. JosAs 15:9 χαρήσεται ἐ. σέ). σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; 9:22; Hm 4, 3, 5; Hs 9, 24, 2. χρηστός toward Lk 6:35. χρηστότης Ro 11:22; Eph 2:7; cp. Ro 9:23. Esp. also if the feelings or their expressions are of a hostile nature: toward, against (cp. λοιδορεῖν Just., D. 137, 2) ἀποτομία Ro 11:22. μαρτύριον Lk 9:5. μάρτυς ἐ. τ. ἐμὴν ψυχήν a witness against my soul (cp. Dssm., LO 258; 355 [LAE 304; 417]) 2 Cor 1:23. ἀσχημονεῖν 1 Cor 7:36. μοιχᾶσθαι Mk 10:11. τολμᾶν 2 Cor 10:2 (En 7:4). βρύχειν τ. ὀδόντας Ac 7:54. Cp. 12.⑯ marker of object or purpose, with dat. in ref. to someth. (Hom., Thu. et al.; SIG 888, 5 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; PTebt 44, 6 [114 B.C.] ὄντος μου ἐ. θεραπείᾳ ἐν τῷ Ἰσιείω; LXX; TestJob 3:5 ὁ ἐ. τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς ἐλθών; Jos., Ant. 5, 101; Just., A I, 29, 1 ἐ. παίδων ἀναστροφῇ; D. 91, 4 ἐ. σωτηρίᾳ τῶν πιστευόντων) καλείν τινα ἐ. τινι call someone for someth. Gal 5:13 (on ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ cp. Demosth. 23, 124; [59], 32); ἐ. ἀκαθαρσίᾳ for impurity, i.e. so that we should be impure 1 Th 4:7. κτισθέντες ἐ. ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς for good deeds Eph 2:10. λογομαχεῖν ἐ. καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων for the ruin of those who hear 2 Ti 2:14 (cp. Eur., Hipp. 511; X., Mem. 2, 3, 19 ἐ. βλάβη; Hdt. 1, 68 ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου; Polyb. 27, 7, 13 and PGM 4, 2440 ἐπʼ ἀγαθῷ=‘for good’). Cp. 11.⑰ marker in idiom of authorization, w. dat.: the formula ἐ. τῷ ὀνοματί τινος, in the name of someone, used w. many verbs (Just., D. 39, 6 w. γίνεσθαι, otherw. ἐ. ὀνόματος, e.g. A I, 61, 13; w. διὰ τοῦ ὀ. and in oaths κατὰ τοῦ ὀ. A II, 6, 6, D. 30, 3; 85, 2.—Ath. 23, 1 ἐ. ὀνόματι εἰδώλων.—ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι LXX; JosAs 9:1), focuses on the authorizing function of the one named in the gen. (cp. WHeitmüller [‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903, 13ff], ‘in connection with, or by the use of, i.e. naming, or calling out, or calling upon the name’ [88]): βαπτίζειν Ac 2:38. δέχεσθαί τινα Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48. διδάσκειν Ac 4:18; 5:28. δύναμιν ποιεῖν Mk 9:39. ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἔρχεσθαι Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν 24:47. λαλεῖν Ac 4:17; 5:40. Semantically divergent from the preceding, but formulaically analogous, is καλεῖν τινα ἐ. τῷ ὀν. τινος name someone after someone (2 Esdr 17:63) Lk 1:59.—ὄνομα 1dγג.—M-M.⑱ marker of temporal associations, in the time of, at, on, forⓐ w. gen., time within which an event or condition takes place (Hom.+) in the time of, under (kings or other rulers): in the time of Elisha Lk 4:27 (cp. Just., D. 46, 6 ἐ. Ἠλίου). ἐ. τῆς μετοικεσίας at the time of the exile Mt 1:11. Under=during the rule or administration of (Hes., Op. 111; Hdt. 6, 98 al.; OGI 90, 15; PAmh 43, 2 [173 B.C.]; UPZ 162 V, 5 [117 B.C.]; 1 Esdr 2:12; 1 Macc 13:42; 2 Macc 15:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 156 ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ὀ.) ἐ. Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως under, in the time of, Abiathar the high priest Mk 2:26. ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ἅννα καὶ Καιάφα Lk 3:2. ἐ. Κλαυδίου Ac 11:28 (Just., A I, 26, 2). ἐ. τῶν πατέρων in the time of the fathers 1 Cl 23:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν in the last days (Gen 49:1; Num 24:14; Mi 4:1; Jer 37:24; Da 10:14) 2 Pt 3:3; Hs 9, 12, 3; cp. Hb 1:2. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου in the last time Jd 18. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων at the end of the times/ages 1 Pt 1:20. ἐ. τῶν προσευχῶν μου when I pray, in my prayers (cp. PTebt 58, 31 [111 B.C.] ἐ. τ. διαλόγου, ‘in the discussion’; 4 Macc 15:19 ἐ. τ. βασάνων ‘during the tortures’; Sir 37:29; 3 Macc 5:40; Demetr.: 722, Fgm. 1, 14 Jac. ἐ. τοῦ ἀρίστου; Synes., Ep. 121 p. 258c ἐ. τῶν κοινῶν ἱερῶν) Ro 1:10; Eph 1:16; 1 Th 1:2; Phlm 4.ⓑ w. dat., time at or during which (Hom. et al.; PTebt 5, 66 [118 B.C.]; PAmh 157; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 3 ἐ. χρόνοις Τίερίου) at, in, at the time of, during: ἐ. τοῖς νῦν χρόνοις in these present times 2 Cl 19:4. ἐ. τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ at the time of the first covenant Hb 9:15. ἐ. συντελείᾳ τ. αἰώνων at the close of the age 9:26 (Tat. 13, 1 ἐ. ς. τοῦ κόσμου; cp. Sir 22:10 and PLond III, 954, 18 p. 154 [260 A.D.] ἐ. τέλει τ. χρόνου; POxy 275, 20 [66 A.D.] ἐ. συνκλεισμῷ τ. χρόνου; En 27:3 ἐπʼ ἐσχάτοις αἰώσιν). ἐ. τῇ θυσίᾳ at the time of, together with, the sacrifice Phil 2:17. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν at every remembrance of you Phil 1:3. ἐ. παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν during your wrath, i.e. while you are angry Eph 4:26. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ in all (our) distress 1 Th 3:7b. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει 2 Cor 1:4. ἐ. τούτῳ in the meanwhile J 4:27 (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 2, cp. Philops. 14 p. 41; Syntipas p. 76, 2 ἐφʼ ἡμέραις ἑπτα; 74, 6).ⓒ w. acc.α. answering the question ‘when?’ on: ἐ. τὴν αὔριον (Sb 6011, 14 [I B.C.]; PRyl 441 ἐ. τὴν ἐπαύριον) (on) the next day Lk 10:35; Ac 4:5. ἐ. τὴν ὥραν τ. προσευχῆς at the hour of prayer 3:1 (Polyaenus 8, 17 ἐ. ὥραν ὡρισμένην).β. answering the qu. ‘how long?’ for, over a period of (Hom. et al.; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 170, 8=BGU 1058, 9 [13 B.C.]; POxy 275, 9; 15 ἐ. τὸν ὅλον χρόνον; PTebt 381, 19 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον περίεστιν ἡ μήτηρ; LXX; En 106:15; TestJob 30:2 ἐ. ὥρας τρεῖς; TestJud 3:4; TestGad 5:11; Jos., Ant. 11, 2; Just., D. 142, 1 ἐ. ποσόν ‘for awhile’) ἐ. ἔτη τρία for three years (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 1 Jac.) Lk 4:25. ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας for three days (Diod S 13, 19, 2; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 4; GDI 4706, 119 [Thera] ἐπʼ ἀμέρας τρεῖς) GPt 8:30 al. ἐ. ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31.—16:18 (ἐ. πολλὰς ἡμέρας as Appian, Liby. 29 §124; cp. Diod S 3, 16, 4); 17:2; 19:8, 10, 34; 27:20; Hb 11:30. ἐ. χρόνον for a while (cp. Il. 2, 299; Hdt. 9, 22, 1; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1257; Jos., Vi. 2) Lk 18:4. ἐ. πλείονα χρόνον (Diod S 3, 16, 6; Hero Alex. I p. 344, 17) Ac 18:20. ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον as long as Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 7:39; Gal 4:1. Also ἐφʼ ὅσον as long as Mt 9:15; 2 Pt 1:13 (for other mngs. of ἐφʼ ὅσον s. above under 13). ἐφʼ ἱκανόν (sc. χρόνον) for a considerable time (EpArist 109) Ac 20:11. ἐ. χρόνον ἱκανόν Qua. ἐ. πολύ for a long time, throughout a long period of time (Thu. 1, 7; 1, 18, 1; 2, 16, 1 al.; Appian, Liby. 5 §21; Arrian, Cyneg. 23, 1; Lucian, Toxar. 20; Wsd 18:20; Sir 49:13; JosAs 19:3; Jos., Vi. 66: Just., A I, 65, 3) Ac 28:6. ἐ. πλεῖον the same (schol. on Pind., N. 7, 56b; PLille 3, 16 [III B.C.]; Jdth 13:1; Sir prol. l. 7; Jos., Ant. 18, 150) Ac 20:9; any longer (Lucian, D. Deor. 5, 3; Appian, Hann. 54 §227; 3 Macc 5:8; Wsd 8:12; Ath. 12, 3) Ac 24:4; 1 Cl 55:1. -
11 ῥίπτω
ῥίπτω, ῥιπτέω the latter Demosth. 19, 231; Dio Chrys. 3, 15; Da 9:18 Theod.; Ac 22:23; Hv 3, 5, 5; Just., A I, 18, 4 (the word is found Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr.; Joseph. [ῥίπτω Bell. 1, 150, Ant. 16, 248—ῥιπτέω Ant. 2, 206; 14, 70]; Just., s. above; Ath. 26, 3) impf. ἐ(ρ)ρίπτουν; fut. 3 sg. ῥίψει LXX; 1 aor. ἔ(ρ)ριψα, impv. ῥῖψον; ptc. n. ῥῖψαν (ῥίψαν). Pass.: fut. ῤιφήσομαι LXX; aor. 3 sg., pl. ἐρρίφη,-σαν LXX, ptc. ῥιφείς LXX; inf. ῥιφῆναι LXX; pf. 3 sg. ἔρριπται; ptc. ἐ(ρ)ριμμένος; plpf. 3 sg. ἔρριπτο 2 Macc 3:29 (on the doubling of the ρ s. W-S. §5, 26b; B-D-F §11, 1; Mlt-H. 101f. Itacistic ptc. ἐρρημένος Tob 1:17 cod. V; TestJob 30:5 [s. 2 below]; ἐρημένοι Mt 9:36 cod. L).① to propel someth. with a forceful motion, throw, in a manner suited to each special situation: throw away (OdeSol 11:10; JosAs 12:9; Achilles Tat. 2, 11, 5) Μωϋσῆς ἔ(ρ)ριψεν ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τὰς πλάκας B 14:3 (Ex 32:19; Dt 9:17); cp. 4:8. ῥ. τι μακρὰν ἀπό τινος throw someth. far away from someth. Hv 3, 2, 7; Hs 9, 7, 2; without μακράν v 3, 5, 5. Pass. w. μακράν 3, 2, 9; 3, 6, 1; 3, 7, 1.— Throw into the sea, fr. a ship (Chariton 3, 5, 5; TestJob 8:7; Achilles Tat. 3, 2, 9) Ac 27:19, 29; fr. dry land, pass. εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν Lk 17:2 (ῥ. εἰς as Polyaenus 8, 48; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 825 [ῥ. εἰς τὴν θαλ.]; Gen 37:20; Ex 1:22; TestZeb 2:7).—ῥίψας τὰ ἀργύρια εἰς τὸν ναόν Mt 27:5 (Diod S 27, 4, 8 the temple-robbers, suffering an attack of conscience ἐρρίπτουν τὰ χρήματα; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 23 §86 Πτολεμαίου τὰ χρήματα ῥίψαντος εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν; Ps.-Anacharsis, Ep. 6 ῥίψας τὸ ἀργύριον).— Take off clothing (Aristoph., Eccl. 529; Pla., Rep. 5, 474a τὰ ἱμάτια) as a statement of protest Ac 22:23 (s. Field, Notes 136).— Throw down to the floor τινά someone Lk 4:35.— Expose newborn infants (Apollod. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 110a Jac.; POxy 744 [I B.C.]; Diod S 2, 58, 5; Epict. 1, 23, 10; Aelian, VH 2, 7; Ps.-Phoc. 185 [Horst p. 233, lit.]; cp. Wsd 11:14; SibOr 2, 282; other reff. EBlakeney, The Epistle to Diognetus ’43, 50f; Christians forbid it Just., A I, 27, 1.—The Family in Ancient Rome, ed. BRawson ’86, 172, 246 [lit.]) Dg 5:6 (AvanAarde, SPSBL ’92, 441–42).② w. no connotation of violence, but context may indicate some degree of rapidity, put/lay someth. down (Demosth. 19, 231; Crinagoras 2, 1; Gen 21:15; 2 Macc 3:15) Ἰωσὴφ … ῥίψας τὸ σκέπαρνον Joseph threw down his axe GJs 9:1. Ἐλισάβεδ ἔρριψεν τὸ κόκκινον 12:2. ἔ(ρ)ριψαν αὐτοὺς (the sick people) παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ Mt 15:30. Ἰωσὴφ … ἔρριψεν αὑτὸν χαμαὶ ἐπὶ τὸν σάκκον Joseph threw himself down on sackcloth GJs 13:1 (TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 13 [Stone p. 26]). Pass. pf. ptc. thrown down, prostrate, scattered, of position on an extended flat surface such as ‘ground, floor’ (X., Mem. 3, 1, 7; Polyb. 5, 48, 2; Plut., Galba 1066 [28, 1]; Epict. 3, 26, 6 χαμαὶ ἐρριμμένοι; Chariton 2, 7, 4 ἐρρ. ὑπὸ λύπης; 3 Km 13:24; Jer 14:16; 1 Macc 11:4; TestJob 30:5; Jos., Ant. 3, 7; 6, 362) the vine, without the support of the elm tree, is ἐ(ρ)ριμμένη χαμαί Hs 2:3; cp. 4. Of the crowds of people ἦσαν ἐσκυλμένοι καὶ ἐ(ρ)ριμμένοι ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα they were distressed and dejected, like sheep without a shepherd Mt 9:36 (of animals lying on the ground Heraclit. Sto. 14 p. 22, 20 τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς ἐρριμμένα ζῷα; Eutecnius 4 p. 42, 25).—B. 673. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
12 τέμνω
τέμνω (A), [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Dor., and [dialect] Ep. [full] τάμνω, Il.3.105, al. ( τέμνω once in Hom., Od.3.175), Hdt.2.65, Democr.263, Hp.Acut.22, SIG1026.20 (Cos, [voice] Pass.), cf. ἀποτέμνω, διατέμνω: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. [full] τέμει only in Il. 13.707 ([ per.] 2sg. τέμεις prob. in Epigr. ap. Suid.A s.v. βοῦς ἕβδομος): τέμνω is f.l. in Pi.P.3.68 and v.l. in O.13.57, cf. τάμνω ib.12.6, B.5.17, 16.4, but is the only [dialect] Att. [tense] pres., Th.3.26, IG12.76.56, etc. (v. also τμήγω): Iterat.τέμνεσκον A.R.1.1215
, Q.S.6.217: [tense] fut. , Th.1.82, etc.; [dialect] Ion.τεμέω Hp.Jusj.
: [tense] aor. [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor. ἔτᾰμον, [dialect] Ep. τάμον, Il.3.292, al., SIG4.10 (Cyzicus, vi B.C.), Pi. N.3.33, Hdt.7.132; [dialect] Ep. inf.ταμέειν Il.19.197
; [dialect] Att.ἔτεμον Th.6.7
, IG22.1666A8, etc.: [tense] pf. , ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Men. 85a; [dialect] Dor.[ per.] 3sg.τετμάκει Archim.Con.Sph.22
,26; [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. part. (in pass. sense) τετμηώς A.R4.156:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τεμοῦμαι ([etym.] ὑπο-) Ar. Eq. 291 (lyr.), X.Cyr.1.4.19, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐταμόμην, inf.ταμέσθαι Il.9.580
; [dialect] Att. ([etym.] ἀπ-), Luc.Pr.Im.24:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.τμηθήσομαι Arist.LI 968b17
; [dialect] Dor.τμα- Archim.Aequil.2.2
; alsoτετμήσομαι Philostr.VA4.24
, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Pl.R. 564c: [tense] aor. , Th.2.18, etc.; [dialect] Dor.ἐτμα- Archim.Con.Sph.11
: [tense] pf.τέτμημαι Od.17.195
, Th.3.26, etc.; [dialect] Dor.τετμα- Archim.Con.Sph.12
(τετμη- Pi.I.6(5).22
codd.):— cut, in Hom. and elsewhere usu. of particular kinds of cutting (v. infr.); generally, ὀδόντας οἵους τέμνειν fit for cutting, X.Mem.1.4.6; τοιοῦτον τμῆμα τέμνεται τὸ τεμνόμενον, οἷον τὸ τέμνον τέμνει; Pl.Grg. 476d.2 cut, wound, maim,ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα χαλκῷ Il.13.501
, 16.761; πρὸς δέρην τ. wound her in the neck, A.Eu. 592; οἱ στενοὶ (sc. τελαμῶνες) τέμνουσι narrow bandages cut the patient, Sor.1.83.3 of a surgeon, cut,ἐκ μηροῦ τ. βέλος Il.11.844
;τ. τὰν κοιλίαν IG42(1).122.40
(Epid., iv B.C.); τὴν χεῖρα (in blood-letting) Gal.16.810: abs., use the knife, as opp. to cautery ([etym.] κάειν), ἤτοι κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες A.Ag. 849
, cf. X.An.5.8.18, Pl.Grg. 456b, 480c, 521e, etc.:— [voice] Pass., to be operated upon, Hp.Aph.7.44, Pl.Grg. 479a.5 prune vines, LXX Le.25.3, cf. Is.5.6 ([voice] Pass.); cut, i.e. gather, herbs, Dsc.3.132 ([voice] Pass.).II cut up, cut to pieces, of animals, Il.9.209; τ. μελεϊστί, διὰ μελεϊστί, κατὰ μέλη, 24.409, Od.9.291, Pi.O.1.49;τ. ἰχθῦς Hdt.2.65
, cf. 3.42, etc.:—[voice] Med.,ταμνομένους κρέα πολλά Od.24.364
.b slaughter, sacrifice,ταμέειν Διί τ' Ἠελίῳ τε Il.19.197
; σφάγια τ. E.Supp. 1196:—[voice] Pass.,σφάγια τέμνεται Id.Heracl. 400
.2 ὅρκια τάμνειν sacrifice in attestation of an oath, and hence, take solemn oaths, Il.2.124, Od.24.483, etc. (also in late Prose, as Plb.21.24.3, 21.32.15, al.); , etc.; θάνατόν νύ τοι ὅρκι' ἔταμνον I made a truce which was death to thee, 4.155; ἐπὶ τούτοισι τ. ὅρκιον on these terms, Hdt.7.132; without ὅρκιον, τ. τισὶ μένειν τὸ ὅρκιον make a covenant that.., Id.4.201; alsoσπονδὰς τέμωμεν E.Hel. 1235
; ἆρα φίλιά μοι τεμεῖ; Id.Supp. 376 (lyr.):—[voice] Med., of two parties,ὅρκια τάμνεσθαι Hdt.4.70
.3 φάρμακον τέμνειν cut or chop up a plant for purposes of medicine or witchcraft, Pl.Lg. 836b: metaph., ib. 919b, Ep. 353e: hence πόρον or ἄκος τέμνειν contrive a means or remedy, A.Supp. 807 (lyr., dub.l.), E.Andr. 121 (lyr.).4 divide, of a river, μέσην τ. Λιβύην cut it in twain, Hdt.2.33, cf. E.El. 411; of a mountain-chain, D.P.340, 890; τ. δίχα cleave in two, Pl.Smp. 190d:-[voice] Med., ἑπτὰ μέρη τεμόμενος having divided it into seven parts, Id.Lg. 695c:—[voice] Pass.,γραμμὴ δίχα τετμημένη Id.R. 509d
; τετμημένος ἐξ ἑνὸς δύο cut from one into two, Id.Smp. 191d.b διὰ τῆς δριμυφαγίας εἰ καὶ τὸ πάχος τέμνοιτο τοῦ γάλακτος were to be diluted, thinned, Sor.1.98;ἡ τῆς πτισάνης [ὕλη] τ. καὶ ὑγραίνει τὰ τῆς ἀναπτύσεως δεόμενα Gal.15.507
, cf. 6.352, 14.742; , cf. Vict.Att.1, al.5 divide logically,τ. δίχα Pl.Phlb. 49a
, Plt. 287b; τ. τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀρτίῳ καὶ περιττῷ into even and odd, ib. 262e, cf. 266e, al.; εἰς δύο μέρη τέμνουσι [ τὴν πραγματείαν] Sor. 1.1:—[voice] Pass.,διχῇ τέμνεσθαι Pl.Sph. 223c
.III cut off, severἐκ κεφαλέων τρίχας Il.3.273
;κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς 18.177
;δρακόντοιν κάρα A.Ch. 1047
, cf. S.Ph. 619;λαιμούς τινος Ar.Av. 1560
; πλόκον, φόβας, βόστρυχον, S.Aj. 1179, El. 449, 901 ([voice] Pass.), etc.;τράχηλον σώματος χωρίς E.Ba. 241
; Ὕδραν τ. Pl.R. 426e: with double acc., ἐρινεὸν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ τάμνε νέους ὄρπηκας cut the branches off the fig-tree, Il.21.38 ( ἐρινεοῦ cj. Agar):—[voice] Pass., τρίχας ἐτμήθην had them cut off, E.Tr. 480.2 part off, mark off,τέλσον ἀρούρης Il.13.707
;τέμενος 6.194
; so in [voice] Med., 9.580; also τάμνοντ' ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας they cut them off, surrounded them, 18.528.IV cut down, fell, of trees and timber, δένδρεα, δρῦς, φιτρούς, 11.88, 23.119, Od.12.11, etc.; ; τίς.. ἔτεμε τὰν δακρυόεσσαν Ἰλίῳ πεύκαν; E.Hel. 231 (lyr.);τ. ὕλην Th.2.98
; τ. ξύλα ἐκ τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος ib.75;χάρακας ἐκ τοῦ τεμένους Id.3.70
:—[voice] Pass., [μελίη] χαλκῷ ταμνομένη Il.13.180
;ῥόπαλον τετμημένον Od.17.195
; ἡ ὕλη ἡ τετμ. the felled timber, D.42.30:—[voice] Med., δοῦρα τάμνεσθαι fell oneself timber, Od.5.243, cf. Hdt.5.82, E.Hec. 634 (lyr.).2 λίθον τ. hew or quarry it, IG12.76.56, cf. 22.1666A8, 42(1).102.41, al. (Epid., iv B.C.), Pl.Criti. 116a, PPetr.2p.6 (iii B.C.), D.S.5.13; τ. μέταλλον open or work a mine, Hyp.Eux.35 ([voice] Pass.):—[voice] Med., λίθους τάμνεσθαι have them wrought or hewn, Hdt.1.186.3 cut down for purposes of destruction,γῆς τ. βλαστήματα E.Hec. 1204
;τ. τὸν σῖτον X.Mem.2.1.13
; also τ. τὴν γῆν lay waste the country by felling the fruit-trees, cutting the corn, etc., Hdt.9.86, cf. Th.2.19,55, And.3.8 ([voice] Pass.);τῆς γῆς ἔτεμον οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7
: c. partit. gen., τῆς γῆς τ. waste part of it, Id.1.30, 2.56:—[voice] Pass., ib.18,20.V cut into shape,δέρμα βόειον Od.14.24
;ἱμάντας ἐκ τοῦ δέρματος Hdt.5.25
:—[voice] Med.,νομέας ταμόμενοι Id.1.194
.2 τ. ὁδόν cut or make a road,τ. ὁδοὺς εὐθείας Th.2.100
;τ. διάπλους ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων Pl.Criti. 118e
;τάφρον τεμέσθαι PHal.1.107
(iii B.C.); ὁ τέμνων (sc. τὴν τάφρον) ib. 110: metaph., ὀχετοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν πλεύμονα ἔτεμον carried channels or ducts to the lungs, Pl.Ti. 70d, cf. 77c;οὐκ.. ἐγὼ πρῶτος ταύτην ἐτεμόμην τὴν ὁδόν Luc.Pr.Im.24
:—[voice] Pass.,μυρίαι τέτμηνται κέλευθοι Pi.I.6(5).22
;οὐ τετμημένων [τῶν] ὁδῶν Hdt.4.136
, etc.b make one's way, advance,ὦ τὴν ἐν ἄστροις.. τέμνων ὁδὸν.. Ἥλιε E.Ph. 1
;διὰ μέσου.. αἰθέρος τέμνων κέλευθον Ar.Th. 1100
; τὴν μεσόγαιαν τ. τῆς ὁδοῦ take the inland road, strike through the interior, Hdt.7.124, 9.89: metaph., μέσον τι τέμνειν hold a middle course, Pl.Prt. 338a; τὴν μέσην τ. Plu.2.7b; μέσον τινὰ [ βίον] τ. Pl.Lg. 793a;βιότοιο τ. τρίβον AP9.359
(Posidipp. or Pl.Com.), 360 (Metrod.): abs., make one's way, A.R.2.1244, 4.771.3 of ships, cut through the waves, plough the sea, τ. πέλαγος μέσον, κύματα θαλάσσης, Od.3.175, 13.88, cf. Pi.P.3.68: metaph., ψεύδη.. τάμνοισαι κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες men's hopes are tossed about as they cut through the sea of lies, Id.O.12.6: of birds, αἰθέρος αὔλακα τ. cleave the air, Ar.Av. 1400, cf. h.Cer. 383, E.Epigr.2.VII cut short, bring to a crisis or decision,μαχᾶν τ. τέλος Pi.O.13.57
;κίνδυνον τ. σιδάρῳ E.Heracl. 758
(lyr.);λόγῳ τὰ διάφορα τεμεῖν Lib.Or.18.164
; τὰς δίκας τ. Cod.Just.3.1.12, cf. 2.12.27.2, al.------------------------------------ -
13 κλίνω
+ V 0-18-10-26-9=63 JgsA 9,3; 16,30; 19,8.9.11A: to make to slope, to tip over, to pour out Ps 74(75),9; to incline, to tip over [τι] Jer 31(48),12; to tip over, to pour out [τι] Jb 38,37; to go down [τι] 2 Kgs 20,10; to bow JgsA 16,30; to lean to [πρός τι] Zech 14,4; to turn, to incline towards Jgs 9,3; to turn to [εἴς τι] 1 Sm 14,32; to totter, to reel Is 24,20; to give way Is 33,23; to decline, to come to an end, to fall Ps 45(46),7; to lay low, to decline, to be far spent (of the day) Jgs 19,8; to incline to [εἴς τι] (of the day) JgsA 19,9P: to bow down LtJ 26; to turn (of the war) 1 Sm 4,2ὃς ἐὰν κλίνῃ ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ πιεῖν whosoever may bow down on his knees to drink JgsB 7,5; κλῖνον τὸ οὖς σου καὶ ἄκουσον incline your ear and listen 2 Kgs 19,16; τοῖχος κεκλιμένος bowed or leaning wall Ps 61(62),4; ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ ἔκλινεν ἔλεος he has given me favour Ezr 7,28; ἔκλιναν εἰς σὲ κακά they plan evil against you Ps 20(21),12Cf. KATZ 1946a, 322-324(→ἀνακλίνω, ἀποκλίνω, ἐκκλίνω, ἐπικλίνω, κατακλίνω, παρανα-, προσκλίνω,,) -
14 πιέζω
Aπίεζον Od.12.174
, etc.: [tense] fut.πιέσω Diph.18.3
; [dialect] Ep.πιέσσω Nonn.D.4.146
: [tense] aor.ἐπίεσα Hp.Fract.6
, Hdt.9.63, Th.2.52, etc. (but subj.πιέξῃς Hp.Fract.5
, inf.πιέξαι IG42(1).123.116
(Epid., iv B.C.), part. πιέξας (v.l. πιάξας) Nic.Al. 224): [tense] pf.πεπίεκα Demetr.Lac. Herc.1012.44
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.πιεσθήσομαι Gal.11.317
( δια-), Heliod ap. Orib.10.18.15: [tense] aor.ἐπιέσθην Od.8.336
, Sol.13.37, Hdt.4.11, etc.;ἐπιέχθην Hp.Fract.5
, etc.: [tense] pf. , Procl.Hyp.5.49, cj. in Alciphr.3.55. etc.;πεπίεγμαι Hp.Fract.5
.—From [full] πῐεζέω we have πιεζέουσι v.l. in Id.Fract.31 : [tense] impf. πιέζευν v.l. in Od.12.174, 196; part.πιεζεῦντα Hp.Off.25
, Fract.9,πιεζεῦσαν Herod.8.47
:—[voice] Pass., part.πιεζεύμενος Hdt.3.146
, 6.108, 8.142 (always with v.l. - όμενος), Hp.Nat.Puer.21,πιεζούμενος Plb.3.74.2
; imper.πιεζείσθω IG4.364.7
(Corinth, iv A.D.): [tense] impf.ἐπιεζοῦντο Plb.11.33.3
; so in later Gr., as Plu. Thes.6, Alc.2, etc.; [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Aeol., and later Gr. [full] πῐάζω Alcm.44, Alc.148: [tense] aor. 1 , Ev.Jo.8.20;ἐπίαξα Theoc.4.35
, ( ἀμφ- ) Ep..6: [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.πιασθήσομαι LXX Si.23.21
: [tense] aor.ἐπιάσθην Apoc.19.20
: [tense] pf. (i B. C.), Dsc.1.15, Hippiatr.34:—press tight, squeeze,χειρὶ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα Il.16.510
, cf. Hes.Op. 497; ἀστεμφέως ἐχέμεν μᾶλλόν τε π. Od.4.419; , cf. 164; π. τὰ χείλεα compress them, Hp.VM22; ῥύγχος εἰς ὄξος π. Axionic.8.5 ; π. τοὺς ὑπευθύνους squeezing them (like figs), to try if they are ripe, Ar.Eq. 259 ;σφόδρα π. αὐτοῦ τὸν πόδα Pl. Phd. 117e
;π. [τὴν δεξιὰν] ἐμπαθῶς Plb.31.24.9
: abs., X.Mem.3.10.13, Arist.Rh. 1361b17 :—[voice] Pass., to be pressed tight,ἐν δεσμοῖς Od.8.336
, cf. Hp.Fract.25, al.; of wrestlers, Plu.Alc.2; πιέζεται ὅσα πόρους ἔχει κενούς are compressible, Arist.Mete. 386b1.II press or weigh down, of a heavy weight,Σικελία αὐτοῦ π. στέρνα Pi.P.1.19
, cf. Ar. Pax 1032 :—and in [voice] Pass.,ὁ δ' ὦμος.. πιέζεται Id.Ra.30
, cf. X.Cyr.7.5.11 : metaph., oppress, distress,π. τινὰ ἡ δαπάνη Hdt.5.35
; ; καὶ πρὸς π. χρημάτων ἀχηνία (Abresch for προσπιέζει) ib. 301 ; συμφορὰ δ'ἑτέρους ἑτέρα π. E.Alc. 894 (lyr.);αὐχμὸς π. τὰς ἀμπέλους Ar. Nu. 1120
; π. ἡ ἀνάγκη ib. 437, cf. Th.2.52 :—freq. in [voice] Pass.,ὑπὸ νούσοισι Sol.13.37
;ὑπὸ λιμοῦ Th.1.126
;πολέμῳ Hdt.4.11
, 6.34 ;τῇ νούσῳ Pherecyd.
ap. D.L.1.122, cf. Th.7.47 ;ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς Lys.28.3
;ταῖς συμφοραῖς X.Cyr.7.2.20
;σπάνει σίτου Id.HG5.4.56
, etc.: abs., Hdt.7.121, etc.; of a river, to be exhausted from the heat of the sun, Id.2.25.2 press hard, of a victorious army,τοὺς ἐναντίους Id.9.63
:—[voice] Pass., τὴν πιεζομένην μάλιστα τῶν μοιρέων ib.60;εἴ πῃ πιέζοιντο Th.1.49
, cf. X.HG2.4.34 ; ὑπό τινων ib.7.1.43.3 bear hardly upon, τινα Pl.Cra. 409a;τῷ λόγῳ Plu.Alc.6
;ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλέγχων πιέζεσθαι Phld.D.3.8
; of a point in the argument, hold fast to, Pl.Lg. 965d; press it, Plb.3.21.3, Demetr.Lac. l.c., etc.; lay stress on, Plu.2.31e: c. dat., insist upon,τοῖσι περιπάτοισι Hp.Insomn.88
.b determine precisely,ἀποστήματα Procl.Hyp.5.19
, cf. 49 ([voice] Pass.);π. δεῖ πῶς ἓν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἕτερον Porph.Sent.36
.III later, lay hold of, ταῦρον.. πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς by the hoof, Theoc.4.35;αὐτὸν τῆς χειρός Act.Ap.3.7
, cf. Ev.Jo.7.30, etc. -
15 ὑποβάλλω
A throw, put, or lay under, as cloths, carpets, and the like ,ὑπένερθε δὲ λῖθ' ὑπέβαλλεν Od.10.353
; κάτω μὲν ὑποβαλεῖτε τῶν Μιλησίων ἐρίων carpets of Milesian wool, Eub.90.2, cf. X.Cyr.5.5.7;ὑ. πλευροῖς πλευρά E.Or. 223
, etc.;ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑ. τι X.Oec.18.5
;ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις τὰς χεῖρας Sor.2.59
; ὑ. αἶγας τοῖς τράγοις, of breeders, Longus 3.29;ὑ. τοῖς ξίφεσι τὰς σφαγάς Plu.Brut.31
; ὑ. τινὰς τοῖς θηρίοις throw them under the elephants' feet, Plb.1.82.2; ὑ. τοὺς δακτύλους, of a flute-player, put down, Luc.Harm.1; ὑ. [φάρμακον] ὑπὸ τὰ βλέφαρα insert under the eyelids, Sever. ap. Aët.7.32; τοῖς φορείοις τῶν γυναικῶν ὑ. τὰ ὄμματα cast furtive glances at, Plu.2.522a, cf. Eust.1406.36:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., place under oneself or have placed under one,λυκοφάνους ὑποβάλλεσθαι Plu.2.237b
;πορφυρίδας ὑποβεβλημένοι Luc.Symp.13
.2 lay under, as a beginning, foundation, Aeschin.1.24 (cj. Reiske for ὑπολαβών):—in [voice] Med.,θεμέλιον ὑ. τυραννίδος Plb.13.6.2
; ὁ πρῶτος ὑποβεβλημένος the first founder, Str.12.3.30.3 subject, submit,ἐχθροῖς ἐμαυτόν E.HF 1384
, cf. Aeschin.3.90;ὑπὸ τοσαύτας συμφορὰς σφᾶς αὐτούς Isoc.8.113
.II [voice] Med., bring in another's child as one's own, Hdt.5.41, Ar.Th. 340, 407, 565, Pl.R. 538a, D.21.149, etc.; or palm off one's own child as another's,ἡ ὑποβεβλημένη τὸν αὑτῆς υἱόν Arist.Rh. 1400a24
:—[voice] Pass., τῶν ὑποβαλλομένων (sc. παίδων) Id.Rh.Al. 1421a29:—the origin of this phrase is plain from the words of E., , cf. Supp. 1160 (lyr.), X.Cyn.7.3; v. ὑποβολιμαῖος.2 [voice] Med., of a drama, [Εὐριπίδης] τὸ δρᾶμα (sc. Μήδειαν)δοκεῖ ὑποβαλέσθαι Arist.Fr. 635
: metaph., ὑποβαλλόμενοι κλέπτουσι μύθους with false suggestions they spread secret rumours, S.Aj. 188 (lyr.); cf. Isoc.15.21 and v. ὑπόβλητος.3 suborn, Act.Ap.6.11:—[voice] Pass., of an informer, App. BC1.74.III suggest, whisper, as a prompter does,ἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν ὑββάλλειν Il.19.80
(where Sch.B expl. it to interrupt);ὑποβαλεῖν δυνήσεσθε, ἤν τι ἐπιλανθάνωνται X.Cyr.3.3.55
, cf. Pl.Grg. 491a, D.21.204, Aeschin.3.48; ὑ. ὁ νόμος ἃ χρὴ γράφειν ib.22;ἐγώ σοι λόγον ὑποβαλῶ καλόν Id.1.121
;ὑ. παιδὶ λόγον
dictate,Isoc.
12.231, cf. 5.149; ὑ. ὀνόματα, of an informer, Lys.13.25;τὸν -οντα τῇ Πυθίᾳ τοὺς χρησμούς Plu.2.404b
;τὰς ἀνειμένας [ἁρμονίας] ἡ φύσις ὑ. τοῖς τοιούτοις Arist.Pol. 1342b22
;ταῦτα ἡ αἴσθησις ὑ. Epicur.Ep.2p.39U.
; so, provoke, produce, ib.1p.29U., etc.: cf.ὑποβλήδην 1.1
,ὑποβολή 1.3
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποβάλλω
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16 κατέχω
κατέχω impf. κατεῖχον; fut. καθέξω LXX, 3 pl. κατασχήσουσι (JosAs 16 [p. 64, 18 Bat. and cod. A]); 2 aor. κατέσχον. Pass.: fut. 2 pl. κατασχεθήσεσθε Ruth 1:13; aor. 3 sg. κατεσχέθη LXX (s. ἔχω; Hom.+). Trans. in all mngs. below, except 7.① to prevent the doing of someth. or cause to be ineffective, prevent, hinder, restrainⓐ to hold someone back from going away hold back, hinder, prevent from going away (Hom. et al.; BGU 1205, 27 [28 B.C.]; 37, 6 [50 A.D.]; PFay 109, 11; Gen 24:56; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 76; Just., A I, 45, 1) Hs 9, 11, 6. ὸ̔ν ἐβουλόμην πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κ. whom I wished to keep with me Phlm 13. Foll. by gen. of the inf. w. article (B-D-F §400, 4) οἱ ὄχλοι κατεῖχον αὐτὸν τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι ἀπʼ αὐτῶν Lk 4:42.ⓑ hold down, suppress τὶ someth. (γέλωτα X., Cyr. 2, 2, 1; Chariton 3, 7, 4 τ. λύπην; WCrum, Coptic Ostraca p. 4, 522=Dssm., LO 260 [LAE 306]=PGM II 233, no. O 1, 1–3 Κρόνος, ὁ κατέχων τὸν θυμὸν ὅλων τ. ἀνθρώπων, κάτεχε τ. θυμὸν Ὡρι; cp. II, 7, 935f, p 41; Jos., Vi. 233 τ. ὀργήν) τ. ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ stifle the truth by unrighteousness/ wickedness Ro 1:18 (cp. JFitzmyer, Ro [AB], ’93, 278; but s. 6 below).ⓒ to prevent someone from exercising power, restrain, check (Thu. 6, 29, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 149 §622 τοῦ δαίμονος κατέχοντος τὸ πέλαγος=divine power held the sea back until Alexander reached the other shore; PGiss 70, 3 [II A.D.] ἡ ἀναγραφὴ κατέσχεν ἡμᾶς μέχρι ὥρας ἕκτης) ἵνα μὴ κατέξω τ̣ὰ [προς]|τεταγμένα καὶ ἐπεικίμ̣[εν]α so that I might not delay (carrying out) the instructions and orders AcPl Ha 7, 14f. τὸ κατέχον (Themistocl., Ep. 13, 4) 2 Th 2:6 and ὁ κατέχων vs. 7 mean that which restrains and one who restrains, i.e. what prevents God’s adversary fr. coming out in open opposition to God, for the time being. In an effort to define κ. more specifically here, many interpreters have followed the exegesis of the ancient church (Tertullian) and taken τὸ κ. to be the Roman Empire and ὁ κ. the Emperor (OBetz, NTS 9, ’63, 276–91). An alternative view, as old as Theodore of Mops., but without sustained acceptance, would make τὸ κ. the preaching of Christian missionaries and ὁ κ. the apostle Paul (so OCullmann, Dodd Festschr. ’56, 409–21). These and other attempts to limit more precisely the mng. of these terms in 2 Th invite skepticism because of insufficient textual data (vs. 5 appears to imply in-house information). The concept of the temporary restraining of the forces of hell (cp. Rtzst., Poim. 27 late Egyptian prayer 6, 4 Horus as κατέχων δράκοντα=PGM 4, 994f; cp. 2770 Μιχαὴλ … κατέχων, ὸ̔ν καλέουσι δράκοντα μέγαν) does not appear to play any role here.—WBousset, D. Antichrist 1895; NFreese, StKr 93, 1921, 73–77; VHartl, ZKT 45, 1921, 455–75; WSchröder, D. 2. Thess. 1929, 8–15; DBuzy, RSR 24, ’34, 402–31; OCullmann, RThAM 1, ’38, 26–61; JSchmid, TQ 129, ’49, 323–43; OBetz, NTS 9, ’63, 276–91. Difft. CGiblin, Threat to Faith ’67, 167–242, a hostile power. S. also JTownsend, SBLSP 19, ’80, 233–46; RAus, JBL 96, ’77, 537–53; New Docs 3, 28.ⓓ to hold back with design hold back τὶ someth. κ. ἐν μυστηρίῳ τὴν σοφὴν αὐτοῦ βουλήν hold back his wise plan as a secret Dg 8:10.② to adhere firmly to traditions, convictions, or beliefs, hold to, hold fast (cp. the lit. sense λαμπάδας ἐν ταῖς χερσίν ParJer 3:2)ⓐ keep in one’s memory (Theophr., Char. 26, 2, a word of Homer) εἰ κατέχετε if you hold it fast 1 Cor 15:2.ⓑ hold fast, retain faithfully (X., Symp. 8, 26 τ. φιλίαν; TestJud 26:1 τ. ὁδούς) τὸν λόγον Lk 8:15. τὰς παραδόσεις guard the traditions 1 Cor 11:2. τὸ καλόν hold fast what is good 1 Th 5:21; Agr 11. τὴν παρρησίαν βεβαίαν κ. keep the confidence firm Hb 3:6; cp. vs. 14. κ. τὴν ὁμολογίαν ἀκλινῆ 10:23.③ to keep in one’s possession, possess (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 159; 160; Polyb. 1, 2, 3; IMagnMai 105, 51 [II B.C.] ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατέχωσίν τε καρπίζωνταί τε; Ezk 33:24; Da 7:18, 22; Ath. 8:3) τὶ someth. Mt 21:38 v.l.; ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 2 Cor 6:10 (DMealand [ZNW 67, ’76, 277–79] cites Ps.-Crates Ep. 7 Hercher=p. 58 no. 7, 8 Malherbe: ἔχοντες μηδὲν πάντʼ ἔχομεν, ὑμεῖς δὲ πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). Abs. 1 Cor 7:30.④ to keep within limits in a confining manner, confineⓐ in prison keep, confine (PFlor 61, 60; BGU 372 I, 16; Gen 39:20; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 21) pass. Χριστιανοὶ κατέχονται ὡς ἐν φρουρᾷ τῷ κόσμῳ they are confined in the world as in a prison Dg 6:7.ⓑ by law: ἀποθανόντες ἐν ᾧ κατειχόμεθα having died to that by which we were bound Ro 7:6 (cp. PAmh 97, 17 οὐ κατασχεθήσομαι τῇ ὑποσχέσει; PRyl 117, 13).ⓒ by disease (Diod S 4, 14, 5; Philo, Op. M. 71, Congr. Erud. Grat. 138; PSI 299, 3 κατεσχέθην νόσῳ; act., Jer 13:21; Jos., Vi. 48) Lk 4:38 D; J 5:4 v.l.⑤ to have a place as one’s own, take into one’s possession, occupy (Hdt. 5, 72 et al.; PAmh 30, 26 [II B.C.] τὴν οἰκίαν) τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον Lk 14:9 (cp. Philosoph. Max. 491, 69 τὸν κάλλιστον κατέχουσι τόπον; Jos., Ant. 8, 104). Cp. GPt 5:15.—AcPl Ha 5, 28 [κατ]ε̣ῖ̣χεν αὐτὰς ἔκστασις perh. means astonishment overcame them.⑥ lay claim to, legal t.t. Ro 1:18 (the point is that a claim is made for truth, which is denied in practice, cp. vss. 22f; s. FDanker, in Gingrich Festschr. 93. For a difft. interpr. see 1b above).⑦ hold course, nautical t.t., intr. (Hdt. 7, 188 κατέσχε ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλόν; Dicaearchus, Fgm. 85 W. εἰς Δῆλον κατέσχε; Polyb. 1, 25, 7; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 4, 13 p. 133, 5; 5, 18 p. 178, 13; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 204) κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν they headed for the beach Ac 27:40.⑧ Perh. in the sense of determine (cp. προσέχω 2c) κατεχόντων εἰ ἄρα ἀληθῶς ἀπέθανεν AcPt Ox 849, 2f; s. ed.’s notes.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. -
17 συγκύπτω
A bend forwards, stoop and lay heads together, ; σ. πρὸς ἀλλήλας, of mares, Arist. HA 572a23: metaph., οἱ κακοῦντες τὰ κοινὰ συγκύψαντες ποιεῦσι they do it in concert, Hdt.3.82, cf. 7.145;καὶ συγκύψαντες ἅπαντες γελῶσιν Phryn.Com.3.6
; .II to be bowed down, bent double, as under a burden, Ev.Luc. 13.11, Philostr.Im.2.20;συγκεκῡφώς Them.Or.7.90b
;σ. τῷ προσώπῳ LXX Jb.9.27
; μελανίᾳ ib.Si.19.26.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συγκύπτω
-
18 ἐπέχω
A , D. 45.88: [tense] aor. ἐπέσχον, imper. ἐπίσχες, inf. ἐπισχεῖν; poet. (lyr.),ἐπέσχεθον A.R.4.1622
: [tense] pf.ἐπέσχηκα Supp.Epigr. 1.362.12
(Samos, iv B.C.):— have or hold upon, θρῆνυν.., τῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης (v.l. ἐπίσχοιας)λιπαροὺς πόδας Il.14.241
, cf. Od.17.410; ποτῷ κρωσσὸν ἐ. hold it to or for.., Theoc.13.46; λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες (sc. κόσμῳ) holding it out like a torch, Ep.Phil.2.16:—[voice] Med., hold by,χειρός A.R.4.751
.II hold out to, present, offer,οἶνον ἐπισχών Il. 9.489
;ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν Od.16.444
;κοτύλην.. ἐπέσχε Il.22.494
; εἴ ποτέ τοι.. μαζὸν ἐπέσχον ib.83, cf. E.Andr. 225; also γάλακτι δ' οὐκ ἐπέσχον οὐδὲ μαστῷ τροφεῖα ματρός I offered not mother's food with my breast, Id. Ion 1492: c. inf.,πιεῖν ἐπέσχον Ar.Nu. 1382
: abs., Id. Pax 1167:—[voice] Med., ἐπισχόμενος (sc. τὴν κύλικα) ἐξέπιεν having put it to his lips, Pl.Phd. 117c, cf. Stesich.7, A.R.1.472, Luc.Tox.37;ἐπὶ χείλεσι.. μαστὸν ἐπισχομένη Euph.92
; present a sum of money, τῇ πόλει Supp.Epigr.l.c.3 simply, hold, ([place name] Panticapaeum); of writings, contain, Philostr.VS2.24.2, cf. 2.9.1.4 enjoin, impose a task, c. dat. pers., Procop.Arc.17, Vand.1.8.III hold or direct towards,ἔπεχε τόξον σκοπῷ Pi.O.2.89
;ἄλλῳ ἐπεῖχε τόξα E.HF 984
:— [voice] Med., abs., ἐπισχόμενος βάλεν ἰῷ having aimed at him he hit him, Od.22.15.b intr., aim at, attack, τί μοι ὧδ' ἐπέχεις; why thus launch out against me? 19.71; in tmesi,ἐπὶ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔχωμεν 22.75
;ἀλλήλοις ἐ. Hes.Th. 711
;ἄνδρα ἐπέχοντα τῷ Πύρρῳ Plu.Pyrrh. 16
;ἐπέχειν ἐπί τινα Hdt.9.59
;τὰς ἐπὶ σφίσι ναῦς ἐπεχούσας Th.8.105
;πρός τι Plu.Ant.66
: c. dat., ἀκτῇσιν ἐπέσχεθον held straight for the beach, A.R.4.1766: abs., E.Ba. 1131.2 ἐπέχειν τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπί τινι direct one's mind to a thing, Pl.Lg. 926b;τῷ πολέμῳ τὴν γνώμην Plu.Aem.8
, etc.; also ἐ. ἑαυτόν τινι attend to him, Pl.R. 399b codd.b abs., ἐπέχειν (sc. τὸν νοῦν) intend, purpose, c. inf.,ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι Hdt.1.80
, cf. 153, 6.96: c. dat. rei, to be intent upon, ταῖς ἀρχαῖς, διαβάσει, etc., Ar.Lys. 490, Plb.3.43.2, etc.IV hold back, keep in check,ἐπέσχε δὲ καλὰ ῥέεθρα Il. 21.244
;καὶ πῶς ἐπέσχε χεῖρα μαιμῶσαν φόνου; S.Aj.50
; ἐπισχὼν ἡνίαν ib. 847;ἐπίσχωμεν τὸ πλεῖν Id.Ph. 881
; ;οὐκ ἐφέξετε στόμα; Id.Hec. 1283
; χρησμοὺς ἐ. withhold them, Id.Ph. 866; ἐπέχειν τινὰ τῷ ξύλῳ keep him down with the stick, Ar. Pax 1121;τὸ εὐθέως ἐπιχειρεῖν Th.7.33
; confine, as the earth a corpse, AP7.461 (Mel.);ἐ. τῇ χειρὶ τὸ στόμα
cover,Plu.
Cat.Mi.28;ἐπέχομεν τὴν ἐκπνοήν Gal.6.172
;τὰς διαχωρήσεις ἐ. Id.Vict.Att.12
:—[voice] Med.,ἐπισχόμενος τὰ ὦτα Pl.Smp. 216a
:—[voice] Pass.,τοῦ βάθους ἐπεσχημένου J. AJ5.1.3
; to be prevented, hindered,ὑπό τινος PFreib.11.13
(iv A.D.); of the menses, Gal.1.184.b stay or adjourn proceedings,τὰ πρὸς Ἀργείους Th.5.46
; τὴν ζημίαν καὶ τὴν κατασκαφήν ib.63;τὴν δίαιταν D.21.84
; suspend payments, in [voice] Pass., PTeb.337.4 (ii/iii A.D.), cf. PGiss.48.11 (iii A.D.).cἐ. τινά τινος
stop, hinder from,E.
Andr. 160, Ar.Lys. 742, D.S.13.87: c. inf., σε μήτε νὺξ μήτε ἡμέρα ἐπισχέτω ὥστε ἀνεῖναι.. let them not stop thee so that thou neglect.., Th.1.129;ἐ. τινὰ μὴ πράσσειν τι S.El. 517
, Ph. 349; :—[voice] Pass., μηδενὸς ἐπεχομένου no objection being taken, PTeb.327.37 (ii A.D.).d impers., there is a hindrance,Astramps.
Orac.97.3.2 abs., stay, pause,Ἀντίνοος δ' ἔτ' ἐπεῖχε Od.21.186
; refrain, Hdt.1.32, 5.51, 7.139; εἰ δ' ἐφέξετον if you tarry, S.El. 1369, etc.: folld. by a Conj., esp. in imper., ἐπίσχες ἢν.. wait and see whether.., E.Supp. 397;ἐπίσχες ἔστ' ἂν.. προσμάθῃς A.Pr. 697
;ἐ. ἕως.. D.4.1
;μέχρι τοσούτου ἔως.. Th.1.90
; ἐπίσχες, abs., hold! stop! A.Ch. 896, S.OC 856, etc.;ἐπίσχετε, μηδὲ συρίξητε Timocl.2.6D.
;ἐπίσχετον, μάθωμεν S.Ph. 539
, cf. E. Hipp. 567; in part.,ἐπισχὼν ὀλίγον χρόνον Hdt.1.132
, al.; τὸ ἐπισχεῖν, opp. τὸ παραχρῆμα, Antipho 5.73; οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ἐπισχὼν ἧκεν came after a short interval, Pl.Phd. 59e; μικρὸν ἐπισχόντα διεφθείροντο they very shortly died, Thphr.HP4.4.13, cf. Diocl.Fr.43; in Th.2.81 οὐκ ἐπέσχον τὸ στρατόπεδον καταλαβεῖν did not halt for the purpose of occupying a camp (unless it, = ' had no intention of occupying').b c. gen. rei, stop or cease from,ἐπίσχες τοῦ δρόμου Ar.Av. 1200
;τῆς πορείας X.Cyr.4.2.12
;τούτου Th.8.31
; alsoἐ. περί τινος Id.5.32
, cf. 8.5: so c. inf., leave off, cease to do, X.Mem.3.6.10: c. part., cease doing,ἀναλῶν οὐκ ἐφέξεις Ar.Eq. 915
(lyr.), cf. E.Ph. 449.c as technical term of the Sceptics, suspend judgement, doubt, Str.2.1.11, Ph.1.387, S.E.P.1.196;ἐ. ἐν τοῖς ἀδήλοις Plu. 2.955c
;< πρὸς> τὰ ἄδηλα Arr. Epict.1.7.5
.3 [voice] Med., maintain reserve,ἐπείχετο [ἡ σύγκλητος] κατὰ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Plb.30.19.17
(s. v.l.).V reach or extend over a space,ἐπτὰ δ' ἐπέσχε πέλεθρα Il. 21.407
; ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος so far as the fire reached, 23.238, cf. Hdt.7.19, Th.2.77, f.l. in Hp.Aër.5, etc.: [tense] aor. [voice] Med., ἐπέσχετο he lay outstretched, Hes. Th. 177; prevailed over..,Epigr.Gr.
793.5 ([place name] Apollonia);ἀφορία ἐ. τὸν βίον Longin.44.1
.VI have power over, occupy a country,οἱ Σκύθαι τὴν Ἀσίην πᾶσαν ἐπέσχον Hdt.1.104
, cf. 108, 8.32, Th.2.101, 7.62, etc.; of things, ἐπ' ὀκτὼ μῆνας Κυρηναίους ὀπώρη ἐ. occupies or engages them, Hdt.4.199;τὴν πόλιν ἐπεῖχε κλαυθμός Plu.Oth.17
; ὧν τὰς χρόας τὸἡμερινὸν φῶς ἐ.
overspreads,Pl.
R. 508c:κραυγῆς ἐπεχούσης τὴν ἐκκλησίαν D.S.13.87
; : generally, occupy, τὴν κρατίστην μοῖραν ἐ. hold the foremost place, Longin.9.1, cf. 44.12;ὕλης ἐ. τάξιν Stoic.3.27
;τὴν γῆν κέντρου λόγον ἐπέχουσαν D.L.7.155
, cf. Placit.3.Praef.;τὸν τέλειον ἐ. λόγον Gal.19.160
; δίκην ἐπέχειν ἡμᾶς φυτῶν we are like plants, MenoIatr. 6.18.2 abs., prevail, predominate,ἢν μὴ λαμπρὸς ἄνεμος ἐπέχῃ Hdt.2.96
; ; πάντῃ ἐπεῖχε γαλήνη Timo 63; [τῶν νεῶν] ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐπεχουσῶν
being spread over..,Th.
1.50;τὴν [τύχην].., ἣ νῦν ἐπέχει D.18.253
;ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων Plb.5.5.6
.b of Time, continue,τὴν θύραν ἐπεῖχε κρούων Ar.Ec. 317
; continuously,Pl.
Tht. 165e;ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας ὁ σεισμὸς ἐπεῖχεν D.C.68.25
; σκότος, νὺξ ἐπέσχε, came on, Plu.Mar.20, Crass.30, etc. -
19 ἀναπίπτω
ἀναπίπτω fut. 3 sg. ἀναπεσεῖται Sir 25:18; 2 aor. ἀνέπεσον and the later ἀνέπεσα (W-S. §13, 13; B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208) (s. πίπτω; Trag. et al.; UPZ 78, 4 [II B.C.], LXX; TestAbr A; Jos., Ant. 8, 256).① to recline on a couch to eat, lie down, recline (Diod S 4, 59, 5, in a story about Procrustes ἐπί τινος κλίνης; Syntipas 48, 29 ἀ. ἐπὶ τ. κλίνης), esp. at a meal (Alexis Com. 293 [in Athen. 1, 23e]; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 23; PGM 1, 24; Tob 2:1; 7:9 S; Jdth 12:16; s. Anz 301f) Lk 11:37; 17:7; 22:14; J 13:12. ἀ. εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον occupy the humblest place Lk 14:10; Mt 20:28 D=Agr 22=ASyn. no. 263, p. 353. ἀνέπεσαν πρασιαὶ they took their places in groups to eat Mk 6:40; cp. J 6:10. ἀ. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς take their places on the ground Mk 8:6; ἀ. ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Mt 15:35.② to lean while reclining at a meal, lean, lean back (Pla., Phdr. 254b and e; Polyb. 1, 21, 2) leaned back from where he lay (Goodsp.) J 13:25 (ἐπιπίπτω v.l.); 21:20.—M-M. TW.
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lay down your life (for something) — lay down your ˈlife (for sb/sth) idiom (literary) to die in order to save sb/sth Syn: sacrifice yourself • They were prepared to lay down their lives for their country. Main entry: ↑life … Useful english dictionary
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